雅典戏剧的起源最早可以追溯到酒神狄奥尼索斯的祭祀仪式，但使其发展、壮大和成熟却是依赖于雅典民主制的不断发展。伯里克利时期，雅典民主制发展到鼎峰，雅典戏剧也进入繁荣时期，剧本创作、戏剧公演空前繁盛。本文选取了在政治视角下研究社会文化的角度，通过追溯古希腊戏剧的起源、分析雅典四大戏剧作家的创作和戏剧公演以及其背景，从而揭示雅典戏剧与雅典民主制之间相互影响的关系，进一步得出雅典政制于雅典戏剧的发展产生了必要作用，以及雅典戏剧对雅典政制的促进作用。

The origin of the Athenian drama can be traced back to the sacrificial ceremony of Dionysus, but its development, growth and maturity depend on the continuous development of the Athenian democracy. During the Pericles period, the Athenian democracy reached its peak, and the Athenian drama also entered a period of prosperity. The creation of scripts and theatrical performances were unprecedentedly prosperous. This article selects the perspective of studying social culture from a political perspective. By tracing the origin of ancient Greek drama, analyzing the creation and performance of the four major theater writers in Athens and their background, it reveals the mutual influence between the Athenian drama and the Athenian democracy. , It is further concluded that the political system of Athens played a necessary role in the development of the Athenian drama, and the promotion of the political system of Athens by the Athens drama.