离婚现象的增多是我国进入转型期以来婚姻家庭领域的一个重要变化趋势。离婚导致的家庭解体现象的不断增加，对当今我国社会的家庭形态、家庭关系，以及青少年儿童的成长发展带来深刻影响。如何应对离异发生后的家庭变化，如何重新建构生活、情感和关系，是摆在经历离异的家庭成员们面前的巨大难题。以往研究大多将离异问题化，讨论离异对个体发展的影响以及后果，但对离异家庭内部结构和真实生活的透视与分析却还相对缺乏，尤其缺乏对子女体验和应对的讨论。基于此，本研究提出以下问题：离异家庭的家庭关系究竟经历了何种变化，子女如何重新认识和构建一系列的家庭关系？

通过对24位已成年的离异家庭子女的深度访谈，本研究以“家庭多元性（family diversity）”为主要理论视角，尝试理解离异家庭如何在结构解体的情况下重构各类关系。研究发现，首先，与原生完整家庭相比，离异家庭的家庭关系出现了生活家庭与情感家庭两个位面的分化与错位。以子女为中心视角，生活家庭的边界将由客观的居住关系框定，而与此同时，他们也会构建出一个主观上的情感家庭。同住家长同属于子女的生活家庭和情感家庭，因此关系通常得到延续和强化；非同住家长属于子女的情感家庭而不属于生活家庭，继父母、继兄弟姐妹属于子女的生活家庭而可能不属于情感家庭。在这些生活与情感的错位中，关系双方缺乏确定的社会文化规范下的互动脚本，需要依据具体情境、个体化考虑和彼此的认知差异进行互动实践，因而形成了多元化的家庭关系样态。在子女与非同住家长的关系中，家长的亲职履行能否满足子女的情感需求是影响子女对这一关系认知的关键因素，具体可能发展为缺位型、淡漠型、纠葛型及亲密型关系。再婚将进一步使家庭关系变得多元而复杂，子女必须建构与新家庭成员之间的关系。在此过程中，子女与亲生父母的关系将成为新关系的协商基础。而子女与继父母之间具体可能发展为亲如一家、“搭伙过日子”、陌生人、回避、客套等多种类型的关系；子女和继兄弟姐妹之间则将在亲属联系、竞争、情感需求等多个维度进行协商和互动。

本研究为国内家庭研究补充了离异家庭的内部关系样态这一备受忽视的面向，同时也在一定程度上拓展了我们对家庭的想象，丰富了家庭多元性的理论内涵，这对于进一步剖析新时期我国家庭形态和家庭关系的变化与特点有着重要意义。

The increase in divorce is an important trend in the field of marriage and family since China entered a period of economic and social transition. The increasing phenomenon of family disintegration due to divorce is bound to have a profound impact on the family formations and family relationships in our society today, as well as the growth and development of children. How do family members cope with the changes in their families due to divorces, and how do they reconstruct their lives, emotions, and relationships? Existing literature tends to view divorced family as problematic, paying most attention to the influence of divorce on individual development. The experiences and relationship dynamics, however, is neglected both theoretically and empirically. Moreover, few studies have recovered the agency of children in divorced family. Therefore, this thesis attempts to understand the changes in divorced family relationships, and the practices of children during relationship reconstruction.

Drawing upon in-depth interviews with twenty-four adult children from divorced families,  this thesis, through the theoretical lens of "family diversity" , seek to understand divorced family dynamics, and how divorced families reconstruct various relationships in the context of structural disintegration, in particular. I argue that, first, family relationships in divorced families are divided and misaligned between the “living family” and the “emotional family”. From the child-centered perspective, for one thing, they set the boundaries of the living family according to the objective residential situation. Accordingly, their own parents, stepparents, and stepsiblings, who live together with them, will form the living family. For another, they also build an emotional family in their minds with those family members they trust and emotionally rely on. The emotional family may include some members of the living family, as well as their non-resident parents. Consequently, their living families and emotional families often mismatch. How to deal with the tension caused by emotional mismatches will shape their relationships with family members. Lacking socially normative interactive transcripts, they negotiate their relationships based on specific situations and individualized recognition. As a result, they formed diverse family relationships. In the relationship between children and non-resident parents, the ability of parental performance to meet children's emotional needs is a key factor affecting children's perception of the relationship, which may develop into a fractured, entangled, or continuing relationship. In the relationships with stepparents and stepchildren, the closeness of the children's alliance with the co-parent and the extent of the stepparent's parental duties are key factors influencing the children's attitudes, which may develop into superficially harmonious, family-like, or distant and avoidant relationships.

This study provides a deep description and analysis of the non-mainstream type of divorced families from an internal and relational perspective. It expands our imagination of family and our understanding of the diversity of families, which is important for further analysis of the changes and characteristics of Chinese family structures and family relationships in the new era.