在劳动者退休后国家为其支付退休金，是养老保险制度的基本要求，这保障了劳动者的基本生活需要，也是社会保障制度的重要体现。随着我国经济社会的不断发展，养老制度的合理调整和改革已经势在必行。不管是延长退休年龄，弹性退休制，还是养老金“双轨制”并轨，养老制度改革的落脚点是退休年龄和退休金。退休金的制定，很大程度上取决于劳动者在职期间的工资的多少；法定退休年龄的制定，决定了劳动者法定工作年限和退休年限的长短，那么就会影响劳动者工作期间的薪酬福利和退休期间的退休福利。因此，退休制度的改革，改变了劳动者收益。在劳动力市场中，为了获得未来价值增值的劳动产出或收入的增加，劳动者需要进行人力资本投资。教育作为人力资本投资的一种重要形式，使劳动者获得了劳动所必需的知识、技能等，即劳动者的人力资本存量。人力资本存量具有经济效应，决定了劳动者的收益。而作为一个理性劳动者，追求的是一生收益的最大化，随着退休制度改革的步步深入，劳动者接受教育的收益发生改变。劳动者如何选择自己的教育投资决策以获得收益的最大化，是一个值得探讨的问题。本文基于教育成本收益角度，运用最优化控制知识，构建了劳动者最佳受教育年限决策的数理模型，并通过模型求解，分析了退休制度改革对劳动者最佳受教育年限决策问题的影响。并以此为基础，对模型进行了两方面重点讨论：分别研究了退休金不受人力资本水平影响时的最优受教育年限决策；退休金与人力资本相关时的最优受教育年限决策。并通过对比分析，进一步论证了退休年龄和退休金的变化对劳动者最优受教育年限选择产生的影响。

Pensions for retired workers, are the basic requirement of Endowment Insurance System, which not only protect the basic needs of workers, but also reflect Social Security System. With the continuous development of China's economy and society, the adjustment and reform of the endowment pension system has been imperative. Whether the extension of the retirement age, flexible retirement, or the "dual track" of pensions, the fundamental reform is the retirement age and pensions. The pension formulation depends largely on wages during work; the formulation of the retirement age determine the duration of work and the duration of retirement, which will influence the salaries and benefits of workers during work and retirement benefits during retirement. In the labor market, the salaries of a laborer depend on the level of human capital, which is mainly due to the difference of human capital investment. As the primary means of human capital investment, education determines a laborer’s level of human capital. Therefore, the reform of the endowment pension system changes the laborer’s income. And what a rational worker seeks is to maximize the lifetime earnings. As the endowment pension system reforms progressively, workers’ educational returns will change. It is a considerable question that individual how to make the educational investment decisions to maximize the revenue.Based on the view of education cost-benefit, we build a mathematical model with the optimal control theory to analyze the optimal schooling years. And on this basis, this model focuses on two aspects: one is the decision of the schooling years when the pension is not affected by the level of human capital; the other is the optimal years of education when human capital affects the pension. And through comparative analysis, the impact of changes in the retirement age and pensions on individual’s decisions of the optimal schooling years is further demonstrated.