研究目的：本文旨在通过研究不同速度和不同足部条件（裸足和着高跟鞋）下行走的步态，分析高跟鞋及不同速度下行走时下肢生物力学的差异，为高跟鞋步态研究提供实验参考。
研究方法：选取北京师范大学23名女性受试者，受试者平均年龄为22.7±4.5岁，平均身高为163.6±3.8cm，平均体重为56.1±11.9kg。实验前为受试者粘贴Mark点、选好鞋号，并记录受试者的各项相关身体参数，带领受试者熟悉实验的方案、实验流程、注意事项；实验中，让受试者在裸足和着7cm高跟鞋状态下，跟随90bpm、125bpm、160bpm三个节拍速度行走并采集受试者行走过程中的数据。实验仪器选用本校运动生物力学实验室的BTS红外动作捕捉系统捕捉行走时的动作，用Kistler测力台采集运动中的地面反作用力；实验后使用Anybody 7.2仿真软件对采集数据进行仿真处理，得出下肢生物力学仿真数据后选用SPSS 27.0数据分析软件对数据进行统计学分析。
研究结果：
（1）着高跟鞋或提升速度对关节力峰值所在步态周期的百分比位置均具有显著性差异。
（2）关节力矩：a.相较于裸足行走，着高跟鞋行走显著提高髋关节屈曲、膝关节屈曲的力矩峰值；显著降低了踝关节跖屈力矩峰值；b.行走时的髋关节外展、髋关节外旋、髋关节屈曲、膝关节屈曲的力矩峰值均随着行走速度提高而显著提高；c.不同速度与不同足部条件两个自变量对关节力矩峰值不存在交互效应。
（3）肌肉力：a.着高跟鞋行走相较于裸足行走会显著降低比目鱼肌、腓肠肌、胫骨前肌的肌力峰值（P<0.05），显著增加臀大肌、阔筋膜张肌、股薄肌、长收肌、大收肌、短收肌、下孖肌、上孖肌、外闭孔肌、耻骨肌、腘肌、股方肌、趾长伸肌、股外侧肌、股内侧肌、股中间肌的肌力峰值（P<0.05），而对臀小肌、臀中肌、梨状肌、内闭孔肌、腓骨短肌、腓骨长肌、股二头肌、股直肌、缝匠肌、髂肌的肌力峰值不存在显著性影响；b.速度增加对阔筋膜张肌、下孖肌、上孖肌、耻骨肌、腓骨短肌、腓骨长肌、趾长伸肌、腓肠肌、胫骨前肌、缝匠肌和髂肌的肌力峰值不存在显著影响，而对其余肌肉均存在显著影响，且这些肌肉的肌力峰值均会随速度增加而增加。
（4）地面反作用力：a.三个方向（X、Y、Z轴）上的地面反作用力分力峰值在不同速度之间存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。b.三轴方向上地面反作用力分力峰值在不同足部条件下均不存在显著性差异，且速度和足部条件对地面反作用力三轴方向分力峰值交互效应不显著。
研究结论： 
（1）对于日常生活中有着高跟鞋慢走或快步走需求的女性而言，应该进一步增强髋部肌群、小腿肌肉和踝关节背屈的训练。
（2）着高跟鞋行走对髋关节、膝关节、踝关节矢状面上的影响主要表现为增大髋、膝关节的屈曲力矩，降低踝关节跖屈力矩。
（3）相较于裸足行走，着高跟鞋行走对大部分肌肉肌力峰值均存在显著影响，且大部分肌肉肌力峰值在着高跟鞋情况下更高，腓肠肌、胫骨前肌、比目鱼肌则在着高跟鞋情况下时肌力峰值更小。
（4）在裸足或着高跟鞋条件下，随着行走速度的增加，下肢大部分肌肉的肌力峰值均随之增加，髋关节外展力矩、髋关节外旋力矩、髋关节屈曲力矩、膝关节屈曲力矩峰值也随之增加，速度对踝关节跖屈力矩峰值、距下外翻关节力矩峰值并不存在显著影响。

Objectives: This paper is to study the gait of walking at different speeds and under different foot conditions (naked feet and high heels), and analyze the biomechanics difference of different foot conditions and walking speed on lower limbs,so as to provide experimental reference for the study of high heel gait.
Methods: 23 female subjects from Beijing Normal University were selected. The average age of the subjects was 22.7±4.5 years old,the average height was 163.6±3.8 cm, and the average weight was 56.1±11.9 kg. Before the experiment, Mark was pasted for the subjects, shoe size was selected,orther related indexes were measured , and the subjects were led to be familiar with the experiment plan, experiment process and matters requiring attention; in the experiment, subjects were asked to walk with naked feet and 7cm high heels at three beats of 90bpm, 125bpm and 160bpm, and data were collected during the walking process.The BTS infrared motion capture system of the Sports biomechanics Laboratory of our university was used as the experimental instrument to capture movement，3 Kistler force tables are used to collect ground reaction forces in motion. After the experiment, the Anybody 7.2 simulation software is used to analyse the collected data. After obtaining the lower limb biomechanics simulation data, the SPSS 27.0 software is used for statistical analysis of the data.
Results: 
(1) Wearing high heels or increasing speed has significant difference on the percentage position of the gait cycle where the joint force peak is located.
(2) Joint moment: a. Compared with barefoot walking, walking with high heels significantly increased the peak moment of hip flexion and the peak moment of knee flexion; the peak of ankle plantar flexion moment was significantly reduced.  b. The peak of hip joint abduction moment, hip joint external rotation moment, hip joint flexion moment and knee joint flexion moment all increased significantly with the increase of walking speed. c. There is no interaction effect between the two independent variables of different speed and different foot conditions on the peak joint torque.
(3) Muscle strength: a. Compared with walking with bare feet, walking with high heels significantly reduced the peak muscle strength of soleus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles (P<0.05).  Significantly increased the peak muscle strength of gluteus maximus, tensor fascia lata, gracilis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor short, inferior twin, superior twin, external obturator muscle, pubosus, popliteus, quadratus femoris, extensor digitorum longus, vastus lateralis, vastus medius and vastus intermedius (P<0.05).  There was no significant effect on the peak strength of gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, piriformis, internal obturator muscle, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, sartorius and ilius muscle.  b. The peak muscle strength of tensor fascia lata, gemellus inferior,gemellus superior, extensor toe muscle,pectineus muscle, peroneus longus muscle, peroneus brevis muscle, gastrocnemius muscle, tibialis anterior muscle, sartorius muscle and ilius muscle was not significantly affected by the increase of speed,but speed has a significant effect on other muscles, and the peak strength of these muscles increased significantly with the increase of speed. 
(4) Ground reaction force: a. The peak values of ground reaction force components in the three directions (X, Y, Z axis) are significantly different at different speeds (P<0.05).  b. There is no significant difference in the peak value of the ground reaction force in the triaxial direction under different foot conditions, and there is no interaction effect between speed and foot conditions.
Conclusions：
(1) For women who have the need to walk slowly or fast in high heels in daily life, should further strengthen the hip muscle group, calf muscle exercise, and increase the ankle dorsiflexion training.
(2) The effect of walking with high heels on the sagittal plane of hip joint, knee joint and ankle joint is mainly manifested as increasing the flexion moment of hip joint and knee joint and reducing the plantar flexion moment of ankle joint.
(3) Compared with barefoot walking, walking in high heels has a significant effect on the peak muscle strength of most muscles, and the peak muscle strength of most muscles was higher in the case of wearing high heels, while the peak muscle strength of gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior muscle and soleus muscle was smaller in the case of wearing high heels.
(4) In the condition of naked feet or wearing high heels, with the increase of walking speed, the peak strength of most of the muscles of the lower limbs increased. and the peaks of hip abduction moment, hip external rotation moment, hip flexion moment and knee joint flexion moment also increased. Speed had no significant influence on the peak of ankle plantar flexion moment and the peak of subtalar valgus moment.