设计了一款椭球形和锥形组合型单毛细管透镜。该组合型单毛细管透镜由椭球形部分和锥形部分两部分组成。这款新设计的组合型单毛细管透镜具有将X射线聚焦为高功率密度增益的小焦斑，非常适合与普通实验室X 射线源结合使用于微X射线束分析。在研究中分别对该组合型透镜进行了射线追踪方法模拟和实验测试。该组合型透镜的模拟结果显示，这种组合型透镜将产生比椭球型单毛细管透镜更高功率密度增益的更小的焦斑。在实验测试中，该组合型透镜的性能通过焦斑为100 μm的Cu靶X射线管光源进行测试。实验结果表明，该组合型透镜的斜率误差为57.6 μrad，焦斑为13.1 μm，功率密度增益为1360。 设计了一款新的基于椭球型单毛细管X射线透镜和多毛细管平行束透镜的全反射X射线荧光光谱仪。结合毛细管透镜的共聚焦技术，该全反射荧光谱仪的X射线束具有微焦点，低发散度和高强度的优点。椭球型单毛细管透镜的焦点直径为16.5 μm，聚焦后的X射线束的发散度为3.4 mrad。在实验中，将该全反射荧光谱仪应用于对通过真空电弧离子源将金属镍蒸气沉积在硅衬底上的单层膜样品的表面均匀性进行了微观分析。 利用多毛细管光学透镜和同步辐射光源组成共聚焦技术对矿物的元素组成进行了三维微束X射线荧光无损分析，从而获得矿物元素的三维分布。这种共聚焦微X射线荧光技术在矿物勘探，鉴定玉器，石块分化方面具有潜在的应用价值。 基于多毛细管X射线光学透镜和常规X射线金属靶光源的共聚焦能量色散X射线衍射技术被用来原位表征在浓度为1 M 的HCl溶液中生长在304L钢表面上的腐蚀产物组分和腐蚀过程。实验表明，该共聚焦能散X射线衍射技术具有原位分析电解池中盐膜的结晶和生长过程的潜力。

A new type of monocapillary X-ray optic, called ‘two bounces monocapillary X-ray optics (TBMXO)’, is proposed for generating a small focal spot with high power-density gain for micro X-ray analysis, using a common laboratory X-ray source. TBMXO is consists of two parts: an ellipsoidal part and a tapered part. Before experimental testing, the TBMXO was simulated by the ray tracing method in MATLAB. The simulated results predicted that the proposed TBMXO would produce a smaller focal spot with higher power-density gain than the ellipsoidal monocapillary X-ray optic (EMXO). In the experiment, the TBMXO performance was tested by both an optical device and a Cu target X-ray tube with focal spot of 100 μm. The results indicated that the TBMXO had a slope error of 57.6 μrad and a 13.1 μm focal spot and a 1360 gain in power density were obtained. A total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometer based on an elliptical monocapillary X-ray lens (MXRL) and a parallel polycapillary X-ray lens (PPXRL) was designed. This TXRF instrument has micro focal spot, low divergence and high intensity of incident X-ray beam. The diameter of the focal spot of MXRL was 16.5 μm, and the divergence of the incident X-ray beam was 3.4 mrad. We applied this TXRF instrument to the micro analysis of a single-layer film containing Ni deposited on a Si substrate by metal vapor vacuum arc ion source. The confocal three-dimensional micro X-ray fluorescence using polycapillary optics and a synchrotron radiation was applied to nondestructively analyze elemental compositions of minerals, and thereby obtain the three-dimensional distributions of elements in the minerals. Such confocal micro X-ray fluorescence had potential applications in the mineral prospecting, identification of jades, differentiation of stones. The confocal energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) based on polycapillary X-ray optics and a conventional X-ray source was designed to in-situ characterize the salt film grown on the 304L stainless steel in 1 M HCl. The experiments showed that the confocal EDXRD based on polycapillary X-ray optics and a conventional X-ray source had potitential applications in in-situ analyzing the crystallization process and growth process of film materials in an electrochemical cell.