由温室气体排放引发的全球气候变暖问题给国际社会发展带来了严重挑战，发展低碳经济成为世界各国可持续发展的必然选择。金融作为优化资源配置、调剂资金余缺的重要方式和手段，是促进低碳经济发展的核心支柱。在《京都议定书》机制下，全球碳市场悄然而起，包括基于碳排放权及其衍生产品的交易活动、对开展低碳项目的投融资活动以及碳金融服务在内的碳金融机制随之产生，并通过发挥其资金融通、信息传递、分散风险、降低成本等功能成为发展低碳经济的重要支撑。 欧盟、美国等发达经济体已经率先着手建立包括碳交易市场、碳金融产品、碳金融机构、碳金融服务等在内的碳金融体系。作为能源消耗大国和碳排放大国，中国碳金融发展尚处于起步阶段。如何应对气候变化和能源危机的挑战，抓住世界碳金融市场前景广阔的机遇，探索我国碳金融体系的发展路径，对通过市场的手段推动我国低碳经济发展，争夺在国际碳金融体系的话语权具有重要意义。 本文以低碳经济及碳金融理论和实践为基础，首先对碳金融支持低碳经济发展的作用机制进行分析，进而在对国内外碳金融发展实践进行详细梳理的基础之上，对我国碳金融体系发展过程中存在的问题进行了深入探讨。通过研究发现，我国碳金融发展刚刚起步，与西方国家碳金融发展相比，还存在碳交易市场机制不完善、碳金融产品创新不足、金融机构和中介机构参与程度不高以及配套政策与激励缺失等问题，未能很好的发挥市场机制对低碳经济发展的促进作用。在明晰制约我国碳金融发展因素的基础上，结合国际碳金融发展前景及我国低碳经济发展现状，本文建议推动我国低碳经济发展的碳金融体系建设可以分为三个阶段，即过渡阶段（2012-2015）、发展阶段（2016-2020）、成熟阶段（2021-2050），并提出各阶段的发展目标及设想。最后从构建碳金融政策法律支撑体系、完善碳交易市场和碳金融制度、提高金融和中介机构参与程度、推进碳金融产品创新等方面提出完善我国碳金融体系建设以支持我国低碳经济发展的政策建议。

To promote low-carbon economy development is the inevitable choice to achieve sustainable development for countries all over the world, under the background that global climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions poses a great challenge to the development of economy and the human society. As important ways and means to optimize the allocation of resources and adjust funds, the financial industry plays a core role in promoting low-carbon economy. The carbon finance system with the activities of trading, financing and servicing is emerging after the enforcement of the Kyoto Protocol. The development of low carbon economy is being greatly supported by carbon finance through the functions of cost reduction，risk diversification，financial support and information transfer. The European Union and the United States have taken the lead in establishing carbon finance system, consisting of markets, products, institutions and services relating to emission reduction. As a big country with huge energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, China is facing the challenges of global climate change and the opportunities of promising carbon market. It is quite important for China to explore the route of building carbon finance system to support the development of low-carbon economy.Based on the theory and practice of low-carbon economy and carbon finance, this thesis firstly analyze the interaction mechanisms between carbon finance and low carbon economy, and then describe the experience of carbon finance both at home and abroad. After that the thesis tries to discuss the current status and existing problems of carbon finance construction in China from the aspects of market, instruments, policies and institutions. Based on the the application situation and development prospect of low-carbon economy and carbon finance, the path of building carbon finance system in china is suggested to be designed in transitional stage(2012-2015),developing stage(2016-2020) and mature stage(2021-2050). According to the target and features of each period, this thesis tries to give some suggestions to promote the development of carbon finance system from the aspects of implementing policies, facilitating exchanges, innovating products and improving service.