《世界史纲》是由英国现代四大文学家之一的韦尔斯所著的一部简明世界史。该书视角独特、文采斐然，在我国有诸多汉译本。本文选取的两个译本一个是由梁思成等译、梁启超译校的，另一个是由吴文藻、费孝通、谢冰心等译的。两个译本颇多差异，具有各自不同的行文特点和时代特征，都堪称经典。本文运用勒菲弗尔“改写理论”，以意识形态为视角，从翻译动机与文本的选择、翻译策略、语言特色叙述视角、译者参与度等方面对《世界史纲》的两个译本进行详细的比较与分析，印证了勒菲弗尔的翻译改写理论关于意识形态操控翻译的论述。本论文由引言、正文和结语三个部分组成。其中正文分为三章。第一章介绍《世界史纲》原著及其各个译本。第二章为理论概述，界定了本论文所使用的意识形态概念，论述了勒菲弗尔的翻译改写理论，并回顾了以意识形态为视角的翻译研究现状。第三章是两个译本的比较。本章以意识形态为视角，从翻译动机与译本的选择、翻译策略（包括历史资料图片的翻译和名词翻译）、语言特色、风格、叙述视角等多个不同角度对两个译本作了较为全面的对比，并从意识形态视角分析了两个译本产生差异的原因。本论文认为，第一，《世界史纲》的翻译受到意识形态和具体的历史文化语境的影响和制控，这既表现在宏观的翻译动机、翻译文本选择、翻译策略的选择等方面，也表现在微观的语言特色、译者视角、译者参与度等方面。第二，虽然研究者们大都通过文学译著来印证勒菲弗尔的翻译改写理论及其意识形态操控翻译的论述，但本文通过运用这一理论对《世界史纲》的两个译本进行比较研究，证明它对非文学译著尤其是史学译著也同样适用。第三，在评价译本（尤其是较久前的译本）、认识和解释翻译现象时，不应只停留在语言层面上的讨论，而应结合具体的社会、历史和文化语境，充分考虑到意识形态的影响。

The Outline of History: A Plain History of Life and Mankind, was written by H. G. Wells, one of the four great writers in the modern UK. It is a brief history of the world with unique perspectives and literary grace and has many Chinese versions in our country. The present thesis is based on a comparative study of two most representative ones. One is translated by Liang Sicheng et al and checked by Liang Qichao, the other one is by Wu Wenzao, Fei Xiaotong, Xie Bingxin, et al. The two versions, though quite different with their own distinctive language features and characteristics of the times, are both classics.This thesis makes detailed comparison and analysis of the two Chinese versions in the perspective of ideology from different angles, such as the translation motive, the selection of original text, translation strategies, language characteristics and translators' participation. Accordingly, it confirms André Lefevere’s Rewriting Theory that translation is manipulated by ideology.This thesis is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. And the text consists of three chapters. Chapter One introduces original work and its various versions of translated texts. Chapter Two is theoretical overview, which defines the concept of ideology, discusses André Lefevere’s Rewriting Theory, and reviews the related translation studies in the perspective of ideology. Chapter Three is the comparison of the two Chinese versions. This chapter makes comprehensive comparison between the two versions on the translation motivation, the selection of original texts and strategies, the language features, the style, the point of view, and some other different angles from the perspective of ideology, and it also analyzes the causes of differences between the two Chinese versions.The conclusions of this thesis are as follows:1. The translation of The Outline of History: A Plain History of Life and Mankind is influenced and controlled by ideology and specific historical and cultural context, from translation motive, the selection of translated texts and the translation strategies to language features, narrative perspective, translators’ participation and so on. 2. While evaluating translated texts (especially the earlier version), understanding and explaining translation phenomenon, we should combine with the specific historical and cultural context, take the influence of ideology into full consideration.3. André Lefevere’s Rewriting Theory as well as his statement of ideological manipulation of translation is also applicable to non-literary works, especially to the historical ones.