由于内证材料与训释对象在语言系统上具有高度的同一性，因此内证作为一种方法很早就被运用于训诂，但是并没有从理论上对内证进行专门研究的著述。马瑞辰的《毛诗传笺通释》堪称清人治《毛诗》的经典之作，其中内证数量很多，非常具有代表性，因此本文从内证角度对马瑞辰《毛诗传笺通释》进行研究。本文通过对《毛诗传笺通释》内证用例的逐一的分析，根据马瑞辰利用内证材料进行考释时所依据的各种知识将内证分为根据句法结构、根据修辞、根据诗意、根据用韵、根据同源词、根据具有对应关系的其他诗句、综合运用等七种类型。又从内证在语言文字方面的价值、内证对了解古代社会文化的作用、内证的校勘功用等三个角度来考察马氏内证的作用。马瑞辰利用内证进行训诂有很多超越前人的成就，本文从他的观点与前说的关系的角度来谈马氏内证取得的成就，并且在此基础上进一步探讨他取得这样成就的原因。同时，马氏内证还存在一些局限和不足，本文对此也略作评论。最后在毛瑞辰《毛诗传笺通释》内证研究的基础上，对内证的步骤及内证过程中要注意的问题进行了初步总结。希望本文能使人们对马瑞辰的《毛诗传笺通释》有更新的认识，同时也对内证的训诂学价值有更清晰、更系统的认识。

As a method, internal evidences has been used in Xungu for a long time, because the stuff of internal evidences is similar with the objects of explanation greatly, but there is no book which studies internal evidences fully from the angle of theory. Ma Ruichen’s Mao Shi Zhuan Jian Tong Shi can be called the classical work in the works about Book of Poetry which were written by scholars of Qing Dynasty. It is a representative book of internal evidences, because it has a lot of internal evidences, so this article studies it from the angle of internal evidences. We have analyzed every internal evidences of it and according to all knowledge that was used when Ma Ruichen studied some problems by internal evidences, and we get seven styles: according to syntactic structure, according to trope,according to the meaning of the Book of Poetry,according to the using of rhyme, according to paronyms, according to the sentences which have relations with the sentences that are studied and multiple utilization. And we analyze the function of internal evidences from four angles: relation between Ma Ruichen’s explanation by internal evidences and the opinions that were brought forward by the scholars who were in other epochs, the value of internal evidences in language, the effect of internal evidences in comprehending the Social culture of old societies, and the effect of emendation of internal evidences. Ma Ruichen has a lot of achievements that have surpassed predecessors by explaining by internal evidences. This article talks about Ma Ruichen’s achievements according to the relation between his opinions and other opinions that were brought forward by scholars who were in other epochs, and then, we talk about the reasons why he had gotten the achievements. At the same time, there are some localizations and shortages in his internal evidences, which this article talks about a little. At last, on the base of the study of internal evidences of Ma Ruichen’s Mao Shi Zhuan Jian Tong Shi, we try to summarize the steps of using internal evidences and the problems which should be noticed when we use the internal evidences. I hope this article can make people see Ma Ruichen’s Mao Shi Zhuan Jian Tong Shi in a new light, and see the value in Xunguxue of internal evidences more clearly, more systematically.