本文以沈阳浑河冲洪积扇扇缘带所在的彰驿站镇为研究区，测试了98个表层土壤样品中Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Fe、Hg、As和Cd10种重金属的质量分数，运用地统计学空间分析与多元统计源分析相结合的方法，对土壤重金属的含量、分布特征和来源进行系统研究；对土壤重金属污染程度进行评价；针对儿童直接暴露途径的健康风险进行评估。并与当地土地利用类型结合分析重金属污染主控因素，可为当地土壤重金属污染的管理控制提供科学依据。获得如下研究成果：1. 描述性统计分析表明：除As外，研究区内其余重金属的平均质量分数值超过辽宁省土壤背景值，其中Hg和Cd最为显著，分别是相应背景值的2.33和5.44倍，且高于背景值的采样点所占比例接近100%；地统计学空间分析表明：Ni、Cr和Fe元素质量分数主要受当时的沉积环境和土壤母质的结构控制，其它元素主要受到人为活动的影响，Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg和Cd的质量分数分布规律比较相似，来源相对较为集中；多元统计源分析表明：10种元素的来源可分为三类，Cr、Ni、Fe和Mn主要受到自然因素的影响，Pb、Zn、Hg和Cd主要受人为因素的影响，而Cu和As受两种因素影响。2. 为进一步确定研究区土壤重金属中主要的污染元素，分别采用地质累积指数法和内梅罗综合指数法，以当地土壤背景值为标准，进行污染程度评价，结果表明：研究区土壤采样点中重金属元素Cr、Ni和As基本未造成污染，Cu、Zn、Mn和Pb污染程度较低，Hg和Cd的污染程度较重，其中Cd的污染十分严重。3. 根据污染程度的评价结果，选择研究区主要污染物进行儿童直接暴露途径的健康风险评价，结果表明：研究区非致癌风险均未超过美国国家环保局设定的风险标准值，但与标准限值已十分接近，其中Pb，Mn和Cd的非致癌危害指数较大，皮肤接触和经口摄入两种暴露途径在非致癌风险中贡献率较高；致癌风险远低于美国国家环保局设定的风险标准值，说明研究区土壤重金属通过直接暴露途径对儿童健康不会造成致癌危害。4. 土壤重金属污染特征与土地利用类型结合分析污染主控因素结果表明：研究区土壤重金属污染的主控因素为长期污灌（抽取细河及被细河污染的浅层地下水进行灌溉），伴随工厂企业的点源污染。通过污灌情景模拟得到验证。

98 topsoil samples were sampled in Zhangyizhan Town, a suburb region of Shenyang City, which located in alluvial and diluvial fan of Hun river. The content, distribution characteristics and sources of ten heavy metals in the topsoil were analyzed with the methods of combined geostatistical and multivariate statistics. The degree of pollution and the direct exposure for children’s health were quantitively evaluated. Combining land use with heavy metal contamination characteristic to find the basic controlling factors. Finally summarized some results:1. The results show that the average concentrations of the Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, Hg and Cd in the topsoil are higher than their background values of soils in Liaoning province. Especially, the Hg and Cd, are 2.33 and 5.44 times higher than the background values, respectively, and over-limit ratio of these two elements are close to 100%, showing an obvious cumulative trend. Spatial structure analysis shows that the distribution of the Ni, Cr and Fe is influenced by the soil structural variations, such as regional topography, and other elements are mainly affected by random factors of human activities. It could also be found that the Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg and Cd show a very similar spatial pattern, indicated a similar source. The results of correlation analysis and factor analysis show that the sources of these elements can be divided into three categories: the Cr, Ni, Fe and Mn are mostly affected by natural factors; the Pb, Zn, Hg and Cd are mostly affected by anthropogenic influence; the Cu and As are affected by both of the two factors. 2. The study area were hardly polluted by Cr, Ni and As, the contamination degree of Cu, Zn, Mn and Pb were low, but Hg and Cd caused serious environmental pollution, especially for Cd.3. The non-carcinogenic risk illustrated the children’s health was close to danger limitation, the most dangerous elements were Pb, Cd and Mn. Among the studied expose pathways, dietary intake and skin exposure were the main to bring about human health risk. The carcinogenic risk far below the regulation of USEPA. 4. The results of overlay analysis with land use indicate that the accumulation of soil heavy metals in Zhangyizhan Town was mainly due to irrigation with surface water of Xihe river and groundwater which has been contaminated by Xihe river, and the point-source pollution was caused by factory waste. It was verified by scenario simulation of sewage irrigation.