离合是现代汉语中的一种特殊语言现象，以往离合研究形成了离合词和修辞学两大研究范式。但随着社会及语言的发展，非离合词的离析现象逐渐引起关注，由此本研究尝试跳出此前两种研究范式，对非离合词的离析现象做定量分析。

全文共六章，第一章为绪论，从既有研究尚未涉及到的角度另辟研究方向。

第二章为“类离合的范畴与判定”。全章从概念的界定入手，依次厘清“离合”“非离合”“离析”等概念，进而提出指代研究对象的“类离合”概念及用于检索的“离析标记”概念。本研究借助《现代汉语离合词用法词典》（杨庆蕙）、《汉语常用离合词用法词典》（周上之）、《现代汉语离合词学习词典》（王海峰）、《边听边记HSK离合词》（高永安）四部常用离合词词典总结整理出“离合词总表”，结合该表与《普通话水平测试实施纲要》中表一、表二两部分筛选得到常用双音节非离合词。在总结离合词离析形式及分析新兴离析用法的基础上，提炼出16个典型离析标记，借助这些离析标记在语料库中依次检索非离合词，将符合标准的“类离合词”及典型用法制成“类离合词用法表”。

第三章分类别描写类离合词及其离合等级。本研究检索得402个类离合词，除少数具有较高的离合等级外，绝大多数离合等级较低。从词性角度看，除动词外，类离合词还包括形容词、名词、副词、介词等类型，数量依次递减。从构词类型看，与离合词不同，联合式取代动宾式成为类离合词的主要构词方式，动宾、动补、偏正等构词方式次之，少量联绵词、音译词和主谓式合成词也出现了离析用法。从标记离析率看，16个离析标记的使用率各不相同且相差较大，“个”可用于286个类离合词，成为离析度最高的标记，“过”“了”“不”“完”“着”“得”“起来”“什么”“次”依次次之，“上”“的”“大”“我”等出现频率较低，“小时”在402个类离合词的离析形式中均未出现，是离析度最低的标记。

第四章分析类离合词的典型特征。从与非离合词的区别角度分析，高频常用性、强动态义、低黏着性三大特征使类离合词区别于非离合词，这使得代词、数量词、拟声词、叹词、连词、助词、语气词及重叠式复合词、派生词难以发展成为类离合词。从与离合词的相同之处看，类离合词与离合词均可离析且表现出了离析态的恒定性特征：动宾的类推性与意义的固结性。但两者也存在显著差异：类离合词类型更丰富，离析等级较低，还出现了不同于传统离合词离析的非典型裂变，这部分类离合词以形容词和名词为主，以无时态义及数量义的“了个”为离析标记，此时的标记“了个”展现出去语义化、去范畴化特征，意义显著虚化，黏着度显著增强，作为整体承担完句功能并表达主观性倾向。

第五章探究类离合词的触发机制。工整与对仗目标下的对用、经济原则作用下的省用、词义的限制、特殊表义需求、修辞转类等都促使类离合词产生离析用法。语言发展过程中的类推机制同样是类离合词离析用法产生的重要原因。基于意义的相关性或共享相同语素而产生的相关联想会使得短语、离合词等的离析用法类推扩展至类离合词层面；动宾结构的优势地位使其不断类推，不是动宾式的非离合词也由此产生类似动宾短语的离析用法；标记使用范围的扩展同样会造成类离合词离析用法的产生。

第六章是对全文的总结与补充。本研究得出以下两条结论：其一，离合态不仅是短语到词的固结标记，同样也是词到短语的分解标记，即随着语言的发展，传统没有离析用法的、结构紧密度较高的词也可能逐渐产生离析用法，离合在词范围内的扩展趋势大致是由动词向形容词、名词发展，由动宾、动补结构进一步向联合、偏正、主谓及非合成词发展；其二，离合不仅仅是特有的离合词现象，而是汉语甚至语言中广泛存在的语言使用状态。

The Separation（离合）is a special linguistic phenomenon in Modern Chinese. Previous studies on this have formed two paradigms: the separable words and the rhetoric. However, with the development of language, the segregation of non-segregatory words has gradually attracted attention. The present research tried to make a quantitative analysis of the segregation of non-segregatory words, which went beyond the previous two research paradigms.

There were six chapters in this research. Chapter 1 was the introduction, aiming at seeking new direction and clearing research method in view of the existing research deficiencies.

Chapter 2 clarified the related concepts and their judgment. The whole chapter started with the definition of concept of Segregatory, Non-segregatory and Separation. Then the present research proposed the concept of Quasi-segregatory Word to refer to the research object and Separated Mark（离析标记）to retrieve. This research summarized and sorted out the total list of the segregatory words with the help of four dictionaries. With the help of the list and Tables 1 and 2 of The Essentials of Putonghua Proficiency Test, this research screened out disyllabic non-segregatory words. On the basis of summarizing the segregation forms of segregatory words and new usage of Separation, 16 segregated markers were extracted and the non-segregatory words were retrieved in corpus by these segregated markers in turn. All of the standard quasi-segregatory word and relevant segregation usages had been sorted out and made into The Table of the Usage of Quasi-segregatory Words.

Chapter 3 described the quasi-segregatory words and their segregation degree. 412 quasi-segregatory words were retrieved in this research. Except a few ones, most of them had low segregation degree. In terms of the part of speech of the quasi-segregatory words, besides verbs, quasi-segregatory words also included adjectives, nouns, adverbs and prepositions, and the number of them decreased in turn. From the word formation types of the quasi-segregatory words, the coordinative compound words replaced the verb-object compound ones to become the subject of the quasi-segregatory words. The verb-object compound words, modifier-head compound words, verb-complement compound words were followed successively. Some Lianmian words（联绵词）, transliterated words, subject-predicate compound words also had the separation usages. For the frequency of segregation markers, the usage frequency of the 15 segregation markers were quite different. The Ge（个） can be used in 286 quasi-segregatory words and became the most frequently used separated mark. The Xiaoshi（小时） did not appear in all quasi-segregatory words and became the least frequently used separated mark.

Chapter 4 analyzed the certain characteristics of quasi-segregatory words. From the perspective of quasi-segregatory words and non-segregatory words, the characteristics of high frequency usage, strong verbal characteristic and low adhesion made quasi-segregatory words different from non-segregatory words. From the perspective of quasi-segregatory words and segregatory words, the majority of quasi-segregatory words showed the same characteristics as the segregatory words: the analogy of verb-object and the consolidation of meaning. However, there were many differences between the two. Quasi-segregatory words had more abundant types and lower segregation degree. In addition, the separation of some quasi-segregatory words also showed new features which were totally different from traditional segregatory words. These were mainly adjectives and nouns. They were marked by the Le Ge（了个）, which no longer independently expressed the meaning of completion and quantitative, but as a functional marker, it played a role in expressing special semantic effects and sentence completion.

Chapter 5 analyzed the reasons for the segregation of quasi-segregatory words. The most important ones were the antithesis influenced by integrity and the saving of usage influenced by economic principles. The change of word meaning, the need for special meaning, and the conversion influenced by rhetoric also promoted the segregation of quasi-segregatory words. In addition, the segregation of quasi-segregatory words was also closely related to the analogy of the usage of segregatory words, verb-object structure and some makers.

Chapter 6 was the summary. This research drew the following two conclusions. Firstly, segregation is not only a consolidation marker from phrase to word, but also a decomposition marker from word to phrase. That is to say, with the development of language, some traditional non-segregatory words may also produce segregation usages. Secondly, segregation is not only a peculiar phenomenon of segregatory words, but also a widespread state of language use that exists extensively in language, including Chinese idioms, dialects and even English vocabulary.