鲁迅的文学观与革命和阶级问题有着深刻的关联，从鲁迅对托洛茨基文艺理论接受的角度考察鲁迅对文学与革命、阶级之间关系的整合，可以从一个侧面更深刻地认识鲁迅后期革命文学观的形成与变化。鲁迅对托洛茨基文艺理论的接受问题，长期以来被刻意遮蔽。虽然已经有不少研究取得了一定的成果，但仍不够系统和深入。通过对鲁迅与托洛茨基文艺理论之间关系的实证考察，可以发现，鲁迅对托洛茨基的文艺理论最初是基本认同，后来有了些微词，但并未有太多否定，1932年后则不再提及。鲁迅对托洛茨基文艺思想的接受集中于三个方面——革命与文学的关系方面，无产阶级文学的创造方面，对“同路人”的评价方面。托洛茨基的理论对鲁迅更加深刻地认识革命、文学与阶级之间的复杂关系，认识“无产阶级文学”创造过程中的诸多问题，团结“同路人”等都起到了一定的积极作用。鲁迅或明显或隐蔽地认同了托洛茨基文艺思想的诸多方面，对另一些方面，则要么表示了否定，要么未予太多在意。托洛茨基文艺理论中有一些积极因素未被鲁迅认可或在意，或仅是表面认同而实际并不如此，比如，在对阶级、文学与人性之间复杂关系的认识上，在对待“同路人”的态度上等。虽然托洛茨基的文艺理论在某些方面表现出了比鲁迅更深刻和灵活的一面，但其与鲁迅的文艺理论都在某种程度上忽略了文学的人性和自主性。很多经典马克思主义文艺理论家都认为，文学在根本上是人的文学，文学的作用是弥合阶级社会分裂的人性，而不是阶级之间不共通性的表现或阶级斗争的工具。

Luxun's View of literature is closely related to the theory of revolution and class. We will understsand more about the origin and developments of Luxun's view of literature by reviewing his reception of Trosky’s literary theory.The fact of such reception is no longer a taboo subject as it used to be, but research in depth is still unavailable. By reviewing such reception, we can find that Luxun actually accepts Trosky’s literary theory almost in full with only a few criticism. After 1932, however, Trosky’s theory is not mentioned any more in Lunxun’s works.Luxun’s reception of Trosky’s literary theory can be found in three aspects: about the relationship between revolution and literature, about the literature of the proletariat, and about the appreciation of “Fellow Traveler”. Trosky’s theory influences Luxun's understanding of the complex relationship among revolution, class and literature, appreciation of the creative writing about the proletariat, and the unity of the “Fellow Traveler”.Luxun actually accepts Trosky’s theory by a few criticism in some other aspects. Some of beneficial factors of the theory, however, are not recognized or not recognized in full by Luxun.Although Trosky’s theory is more profound and flexible than Luxun’s in some aspects, they both neglect the humanity and the independence of literature. Many classical Masxist theorists of literature believe that literature is for human. The function of the literature is to rebuild the splits of the humanity in class society, and is not for class struggle.