伴随全球化进程的加速，思想文化交流日益频繁。改革开放后，西方女性主义思潮涌入中国，国内开启了对这一思潮相关思想理论的译介与引入。然而与女性主义思潮在全球范围内的发展程度相比，国内学界对该思潮的研究和关注还不够充分。另一方面，伴随网络文化的兴起，国内少数社交媒体为追逐网络流量背后潜在的商业利益，对西方女性主义思潮进行了片面化的传播，刻意制造性别对立，对构建社会主义和谐社会、推动新时期社会主义文化建设产生了不良影响。因此，对女性主义展开学理式的深入性研究，符合当下理论与现实的双重需要。

南茜·弗雷泽（Nancy Fraser，1947—）是美国当代著名政治哲学家，左翼女性主义批判理论家，法兰克福学派第三代于美国支脉的代表人物。其女性主义批判理论秉承了马克思对资本主义批判的思想精髓，继承了法兰克福学派批判理论的精神传统，以女性主义为独特视角，对资本主义语境中的性别不平等问题展开了长达数十年的研究，她的女性主义思想理论在西方女性主义理论界占有重要地位。

全文遵循马克思主义的立场、观点及方法，以文本解读为分析方法，通过对弗雷泽本人四十余年研究成果的梳理，结合与其有过思想论争的学者发表的相关著述，围绕“现实背景及理论渊源”“建构及发展逻辑”“反思与启示”三个维度展开论述，沿着“探寻建构基础——探索建构过程——探究建构出路与评价”的逻辑线索，从历史发展的维度，还原了弗雷泽女性主义批判理论的整体面貌，分析了其理论建构过程中不同发展阶段的理论特点，梳理了其女性主义思想各观点之间的内在逻辑关系，辩证评价了其理论的价值意义及局限性，并在此基础上，为当代女性主义理论的发展、维护和保障女性权益提供理论借鉴和实践启示。

论文在行文结构上包含绪论、五个章节、结论共七章内容。绪论主要介绍了本文的研究基本情况、弗雷泽个人生平及其理论发展线索。正文中的五个章节按逻辑线索可划分为三个部分。

第一部分为第一章，主要探索了弗雷泽女性主义批判理论的建构基础。从战后资本主义的广泛变革、全球化及多元文化主义维度分析了弗雷泽女性主义批判理论建构的时代背景。在理论渊源方面，弗雷泽在求学和工作院校受到了法兰克福学派批判理论的深入影响，汲取了马克思、福柯等人的理论资源，透过对西方女权运动实践发展的现实反思，形成了女性主义批判理论建构的思想资源。

第二部分包括第二章、第三章和第四章。这一部分从历史发展维度，详细梳理了弗雷泽女性主义批判理论的建构发展逻辑。第二章论述了弗雷泽女性主义批判理论的初步建构。在这一时期，弗雷泽初步走出了法兰克福学派的传统批判模式，开启了向文化政治批判的转向。弗雷泽通过与不同学者展开的激烈论争，探索了女性主义与实用主义、后现代主义、后结构主义等社会思潮之间的关系及张力，经过对这些思想的批判性汲取，创造性地发展了女性主义。此外她借助福柯话语权力和谱系学分析方法，从女性需求的诠释与表达切入，对资本主义社会福利制度的话语权力问题进行了批判，为后续对资本主义福利制度的全面性批判奠定了理论基础。第三章阐述了弗雷泽女性主义批判理论的发展时期。这一时期弗雷泽通过对哈贝马斯公共领域与私人领域划分问题的批判，揭示了公共领域理论加剧了性别不平等、使女性等社会弱势群体利益无法得到有效保障的问题。弗雷泽还对资本主义福利制度体系中存在的性别歧视和压迫问题进行了深入批判，形成了“多元女性公共领域”“普遍性照顾者模式”和以“再分配、承认及代表权”为框架的三维性别正义观等思想成果，在批判与重构的过程中进一步发展了女性主义批判理论。自此，弗雷泽逐渐由对文化与政治的二维批判，转向了政治、经济、文化三维的综合性批判，逐步走向了其理论建构的成熟阶段。第四章论述了弗雷泽女性主义批判理论的成熟时期，也是其理论发展的新近阶段。在这一时期，弗雷泽结合新自由主义危机的现实背景及她对左翼批判能量衰退的境遇诊断，再度调整理论航向，将批判矛头对准资本主义本身，以女性主义为视角向资本主义发起了全面性的批判。在这一时期，弗雷泽提出了“波兰尼女性主义”的构想方案，对未来女性解放道路进行了理论性的描绘，同时她呼吁对传统式的资本主义认知模式“去正统化”，将资本主义的本质定义为“制度化的社会秩序”，深度剖析了资本主义经济视域之外的社会再生产危机、生态危机、种族危机等危机综合体，进而提出女性解放的未来路径是联合一切反资本主义的社会群体，建立广泛的“反资本主义联盟”等构想。

第三部分为第五章，这一章对弗雷泽女性主义批判理论进行了辩证性评价，阐释了弗雷泽在推动批判理论范式革新、促进女性主义理论与实践二元结合、将全人类解放作为女性主义理论旨归等方面的价值意义。从女性群体差异性存在考察缺失、重批判而轻方案的女性主义沉疴等层面评价了其理论的局限性。在此基础上探索了女性主义与马克思主义辩证结合之可能，通过弗雷泽对女性主义批判理论建构过程中提出的一系列替代方案，探索了该理论对当代中国社会的现实启示。

With the acceleration of globalization, the exchange of ideas and cultures has become more frequent. Since the reform and opening up, the Western feminist trend has flooded into China, and related ideas and theories have been translated and introduced. However, in comparison with the global development of feminist thought, the research and attention of domestic scholars to this trend is still insufficient. Meanwhile, some social media platforms in China have been promoting Western feminist ideology in a one-sided way, with the aim of pursuing commercial interests through increased network traffic, which has led to the deliberate creation of gender antagonisms, which has had a negative impact on the construction of a harmonious socialist society and the promotion of socialist cultural values in the new era. Therefore, a thorough examination of feminism aligns with current theoretical and practical needs.

Nancy Fraser (1947-) is a renowned contemporary American political philosopher, a left-wing feminist critical theorist. Her feminist theory follows Marx's critique of capitalism and continues the intellectual tradition of Frankfurt School critical theory. It takes a unique feminist perspective to research gender inequality in the context of capitalism, and her feminist ideology and theory occupy a significant position in Western feminist theoretical circles.

The dissertation analyses Fraser's research findings using Marxist positions, viewpoints and methods, and textual interpretation as the method of analysis, combined with relevant writings by scholars with whom she has had ideological disputes. The text focuses on the theoretical background and origin of the construction, as well as its development logic and reflection and revelation. It is organized into three dimensions: realistic background and theoretical origin, construction and development logic, and reflection and revelation. The structure follows the exploration of the basis of construction, the process of construction, and the way forward. The paper follows a logical progression of exploring the basis, process and evaluation of Fraser's feminist critical theory, with the aim of restoring the overall appearance of the theory, dialectically evaluating its value, significance and limitations, and providing theoretical references and practical inspiration for the development of contemporary feminist theory and the defense and protection of women's rights and interests.

There are seven chapters in the dissertation. The introduction provides an overview of the research and includes a personal introduction to Fraser and her theoretical development. The five body chapters are divided into three parts based on logical clues.

The first part is Chapter I. The main focus of this chapter is on the constructive foundations of Fraser's feminist critical theory. The context of the times in which Fraser's feminist critical theory was born is analysed in terms of the widespread changes in post-war capitalism, globalisation and multiculturalism. In terms of theoretical resources, the university Fraser attended at her doctoral level and the one she took up afterwards had a long tradition of Frankfurt School critical theory. In addition, Fraser drew on the theoretical resources of Marx, Foucault and others, which, together with her reflections on the three waves of the Western feminist movement, formed the ideological resources for the construction of feminist critical theory.

The second part comprises Chapters II, III and IV. This part details the logic of the constructive development of Fraser's feminist critical theory from the dimension of historical development. Chapter 2 discusses the preliminary construction of Fraser's feminist critical theory. During this period, Fraser initially stepped out of the traditional critical mode of the Frankfurt School and initiated a turn towards cultural and political critique. Fraser explored the relationship and tension between feminism and social trends such as pragmatism, postmodernism, and post-structuralism through heated debates with different scholars, and creatively developed feminism by critically drawing on these ideas. In addition, with the help of Foucault's discursive power and genealogical analysis methods, she cuts through the interpretation of women's needs and makes a preliminary exploration of the critique of the capitalist social welfare system, laying a theoretical foundation for the subsequent comprehensive critique of the capitalist welfare system. Chapter 3 describes the period of development of Fraser's feminist critical theory. In this period, Fraser reveals that the public sphere theory has exacerbated the problem of gender inequality and prevented the interests of socially disadvantaged groups such as women from being effectively safeguarded through his critique of Habermas's delineation of the public sphere and the private sphere. Fraser also made an in-depth critique of the gender discrimination and oppression in the capitalist welfare system, and developed the "pluralistic female public sphere", the "universal carer model", and the framework of "redistribution, recognition and representation". Fraser's in-depth critique of the problem of oppression led to the formation of the "pluralistic female public sphere", the "universal carer model", and the three-dimensional view of gender justice framed by "redistribution, recognition and representation", which further developed feminist theories in the process of criticism and reconstruction. Since then, Fraser has gradually shifted from a two-dimensional critique of culture and politics to a three-dimensional and comprehensive critique of politics, economy and culture, and has gradually moved towards the mature stage of his theoretical construction. Chapter 4 deals with the mature period of Fraser's feminist critical theory, which is also a recent stage of his theoretical development. In this period, Fraser, taking into account the reality of the neoliberal crisis and her diagnosis of the situation of the decline of the energy of the left-wing critique, adjusted the theoretical course once again, aimed her critique at capitalism, and initiated a comprehensive critique of capitalism from a feminist perspective. In response to the full-blown crisis of neoliberalism, Fraser puts forward the conceptual proposal of "Polanyian feminism", and creatively re-understands capitalism as "institutionalised social order", and deeply analyses the social crisis of reproduction, ecological crisis, racial crisis, and the crisis of race, which are beyond the scope of the capitalist economy. She has deeply analysed the crisis of social reproduction, ecological crisis, racial crisis and other crises outside the scope of the capitalist economy, and then proposed that the future path of women's emancipation is to unite all the anti-capitalist social groups and establish a broad "anti-capitalist alliance" and other insights.

The third part is Chapter V. This chapter provides a dialectical evaluation of Fraser's feminist critical theory, explaining the value and significance of Fraser in promoting the innovation of critical theory paradigm and the binary integration of feminist theory and practice. The limitations of her theory are evaluated in terms of the lack of investigation into the existence of female group differences and the feminist disease of focusing on criticism rather than programmes. On this basis, it explores the possibility of dialectical integration between feminism and Marxism, and summarises the practical implications of Fraser's theory for contemporary Chinese society through the alternatives she proposes in the process of constructing a critical theory of feminism.