经济秩序是复杂适应系统（CAS）涌现性的一个特例。用复杂性科学的复杂适应系统理论来解释经济现象，将个体行为、企业、产业和市场均衡纳入到一个统一的分析框架，将对新古典经济学困境提供一种解决办法。本文立基于整体和弱还原论、动态演化和非决定论-自发秩序的方法论，按照分工、交易和经济秩序的逻辑结构来理解经济现象和经济系统。本文方法论的第一个特征是整体和弱还原论，这意味着承认任何经济现象可还原到它不可分解的最低层次，但分解还原并不必然抵达经济行动者个体——个人；整体意味着经济系统中存在“涌现性”，即企业和产业聚集中常见的“无中生有”、“以少生多”等团队生产中的合作剩余现象和经济增长中的递增报酬现象。运用科学方法观察和解释经济现象，需要特别注意的是，观察者置于整个经济系统中的最小还原层次，我们作为组分观察和理解经济系统中各个层次涌现出来的整体现象；而自然科学研究的观察者本身置于待解释对象之外，对整体的把握作为一种“支援意识”常常视为当然，而“还原”则成为其主要任务。因此秉持整体和弱还原论需要警惕对科学方法的奴性模仿。弱还原论假设要求充分重视经济中的整体和系统涌现现象。本文方法论第二个特征是用动态演化观。风险和不确定性是经济的基本属性。在此前替下，技巧、惯例、正式经济制度、经济竞争主体采用的任何即时“问题解决办法”都是适应环境的产物。环境包括自然环境如资源禀赋，和社会环境、无数竞争主体相互作用构造出来的“互为环境”。经济系统中的风险和不确定性来大自然，也来自由于人类发展出来专业化、分工和无限复杂的交易系统。相对价格体系随时校正分工和专业化水平，以及协调其背后的大范围匿名合作。适应过程是动态的，趋向新古典“一般均衡”的适应过程应被置于全部经济分析的中心。这种解释形式化了以哈耶克为首的奥地利学派“作为发现过程的竞争”的思想。动态演化观可以用于解释长期经济变迁。引入时间变量，递增报酬和“非各态历经”（或非遍历）的经济演化将导致“锁定”和经济发展的非收敛。因此经济系统趋向优化的“适应行为”需要一定程度的看似非最优化的“扰动”以使经济摆脱长期停留在某个“较浅”的局部极大值“适应盆”。本文方法论第三个特征是非决定论-自发秩序观。波普尔“云和钟”的比较使我们易于理解作为复杂现象的经济和简单现象的区别。对“云”的形态变化作出准确预测是困难的。经济系统中的主体除受制于一般规则外，它们受自己理性指导利用自己熟知的局部知识采取行动。这样的主动行动主体数量巨大，以至于我们对它们行动汇集成的宏观后果的具体状态无法进行精确预测。经济解释的非决定论与哈耶克“模式预测”是一致的，即社会科学面对的是复杂现象，我们只能对其结果的一般模式进行预测。我们认为，经济系统不可精确预测的根本原因源于CAS的非线性特征。观察企业的团队生产和产业层级的递增规模报酬等涌现行为我们理解非线性特征的微观发生机制提供了观测的可能。经济系统的自发秩序就是系统整体层级的涌现行为，由于观察者构成经济系统最低层级的组分，观察和理解个体行动的有意识行为较容易，但是观察和理解超越个体的无数个体互动后果的整体是不方便和困难的。在观察者看来是“非意图”的后果，作为经济系统整体特征涌现出来，这一现象被经济学家称为“看不见的手”、“门格尔疑问”或“自生自发秩序”。CAS理论在一个更大框架内视经济系统为一个特例。CAS理论研究了包括人体免疫系统、经济系统和生态系统在内的各种复杂适应系统，类似经济系统的“自发秩序”现象只是一个系统涌现现象的特例。非决定论和自发秩序观来理解经济秩序的一个政策推论是，我们的理性从属于经济秩序，根本无法全面、精确把握经济秩序的细节，因此试图全面干预甚至建构一个合理的经济秩序是理性所不及的。秉持以上方法论，我们先考察了经济学中的经济秩序思想源头；秩序思想在主流范式中的中断；然后集中于复杂适应系统的经济系统中的分工、交易考察，为从分工和交易网络中涌现出经济秩序的机理分析作铺垫；在此基础上，第六章提出了经济秩序的CAS理论解释。最后我们把哈耶克的自发秩序思想按照CAS理论进行“转译”和发展。分工与交换和文明共生。分工和交换的根本重要性在斯密那里得到了应有的强调。然而把分工和交换上升为人类进化和人类文明演进的促进力量则由H.奥菲克完成。早期抽象艺术、早期农业和畜牧活动培养了最起码的抽象能力，“忍耐”“暂时的付出”变得可以被理解，从而为交换准备了条件。“火的保存和使用”诱致人类开展商业交换，言语能力提升和脑的进化。最初的亲属间交换支持觅食的分工和专门化，从而促使人类告别“边走边吃”的摄食战略，转而走向守猎采集；匿名的商业交换解决了农耕和畜牧社会的专门化和营养多样化的冲突，从而促进分工和专业化的发展。交换、专业化和分工促进了脑的进化以及言语能力的涌现。有文字以来的文明发展更是得益于非人格化交换系统的发展。那些交易效率高从而得以支持一个较高的专业化和分工程度的经济体从而成为最繁荣的地区。劳动分工的背后是知识分工。高度表型可塑的人类大脑为知识分工准备了条件。经由知识分工，“各向同性”的知识对称结构被打破（“对称破缺”），每一个行动主体“对越来越少的事物知道得越来越多”。交换系统把不对称的无数知识片段串联和并联起来构成知识结构，这个新结构大大超越单个人类头脑的容量和理性能力。这正是普里高津的“对称破缺通向有序”。更大规模具有沿着时间和空间的互补性知识作为“知识整体”发挥作用需要现代信用体系和发达的交易系统来支撑。递增报酬、队生产中的涌现性的根本源泉正在于知识分工及其互补性的实现。分工和专业化相互反馈，相互促进。专业化是巩固知识分工并积累知识的途径。“干中学”是分工和专业化中的知识积累效应，并由此促进经济增长。新结构的大量知识是缄默的，缄默知识通常是我们无意识和无法清晰表述的“knowing how”知识，它不限于做具体事情的技巧性知识，还包括我们诸多习俗、惯例和禁忌。我们从未曾意识到的知识中受益远多于从清晰意识到的知识中受益。远在现代科学出现以前，我们的祖先在演化进程中积累起庞大的knowing how的知识库，我们使用这些知识适应环境，度过了人类生存的绝大部分时间。现代社会中的“一般知识”和一部分现代科学知识加入到这个知识库中，极大增加了我们的适应能力。现代经济中有关知识的专门性和可传输性与决策权的匹配在经济组织结构成为新的问题。那些持有不易转让和传输的知识将由决策者本人持有，并由组织剩余对其定价。交易是引起、促进、支持分工的制度安排，分工深化过程因此伴随着越来越多的资源被用于交易。我们由此引起的交易成本重新表述为经济系统中支持分工的资源支付。最原初的亲属间交换促进了早期分工。规范化、经常和大范围的非人格化交易支持并促进分工的深化。大范围非人格化交易引起的经济后果是人类始料未及的，这就是现代经济增长现象。如前述，我们有必要从经济系统的整体视角理解交易成本——它是人类放弃自给自足转而采用分工来组织经济产生的代价。只有自给自足和严格的中央计划经济不需要交易，也不要支付市场交易成本（中央计划经济并没有声称放弃分工，因而要支付组织成本，在我们的框架中，这也是交易成本）。“迂回生产方式”概念有助于澄清交易成本。在达到最终消费品生产之前的全部迂回生产过程中的知识和交易活动都要支付实际资源，但这种付出都被最后的经济回报反馈所鼓励。交易成本在这个跨时期、跨空间经济动态过程中被花费。在此过程中，高的交易效率有利于分工深化和经济秩序扩展。迂回生产中的一个重要环节是知识准备，由此花费的资源就是系统的“学习成本”。迂回生产方式是“退而结网”的生产方式，而现代经济的基本特征是这种迂回链的深化和复杂化。内生交易成本、外生交易成本、学习成本和生产成本现代经济中的四项成本构成，其中前三项也可以合称为分工的“协调成本”。成本、代价和资源支付都是较下位层次的个体感知概念。系统视角中没有“成本”、“收益”和“最大化”，取而代之的是选择单位（基因）、选择和适应。新古典范式走到尽头的地方，新制度经济学开辟了组织和制度分析新疆域。在新制度经济学的局限处，我们借助于复杂性科学特别是CAS理论。在经济系统的森林里面我们只看到树木，走出森林，我们可以看到经济系统的涌现。“通过从树木——单个单位的最优化计算——后退，我们可以更好地洞察非人格化市场力量的森林。”在主流经济学中作为前提的严格假设被放松了，因为我们从把观察者从“单个个体”走出来，即放弃了强还原论，从而把“市场非人格化力量”当作客观存在的“实在”。经济系统的涌现性是对经济学中“自发秩序理论”的一种复杂性科学“转译”。在经济思想史上，三个典型的自发秩序思想代表者斯密、门格尔和哈耶克从初步提出到明确表述，发展了这一思想脉络。斯密的“看不见的手”思想初步阐述了经济中的自发秩序现象，这一思想出现在《国富论》和《道德情操论》中共3次。门格尔在以“门格尔疑问”的发问方式肯定了社会现象中的“非意图后果”现象，指出这种现象广泛存在于语言、货币和道德等社会现象中，而经济秩序如市场价格机制则是一个非意图后果的经典样例。哈耶克继承发扬和推进了自发秩序思想。复杂性科学、演化生物学成为哈耶克论证的新依据，他同时吸收了苏格兰道德哲学家如休谟、弗格森和曼德维尔的非意图后果和自发秩序思想。自生自发的秩序，或“扩展秩序”在哈耶克后期思想中处于核心位置。他是三位自发秩序思想先驱中最重视并全面阐述该思想的一位。哈耶克指出经济现象属于复杂现象，我们只可以对之进行模式预测；经济的自发秩序的基本原则是对一般正当行为规则的遵循、基于个体自由局部知识的充分利用，一种经济生活汇总预期的彼此“应合”的秩序事态就会形成。简单规则遵循下的适应行为造就复杂性，这已距离桑塔费学派的CAS理论十分接近了。哈耶克本人也指出自己的自发秩序思想属于控制论和系统论等复杂性科学大洪流中的一部分。马歇尔以后，分工、专业化、和经济秩序的主题从经济分析的议程中谈出。新古典经济学并有把经济秩序作为一个专门的研究主题，更没有把它作为经济学的中心议题。有关经济秩序的研究见于古典经济学的经典著作，如斯密、门格尔的著作，以及新古典范式以外的非主流，如新制度经济学、比较制度分析和演化经济学以及专业化、分工和组织研究的文献；此外还有美国桑塔费学派从复杂适应系统研究和起源于欧洲的一般系统论对于经济系统的应用研究。在整理经济学领域的自发秩序思想传统后，我们系统运用复杂性科学特别是CAS理论分析经济系统的自发秩序：经济系统的涌现性、经济系统的层级结构、经济系统中的信息和通讯。系统层级结构是系统涌现机制的静态解释；而系统通讯和信息则是对于系统涌现的动态描述。结合两个领域对于同一现象的不同学科解释，我们解释了经济中的层级结构、信息和通讯以及涌现性。在这一解释框架下，企业和产业是复杂系统聚集现象。我们用复杂适应系统的涌现性这一复杂系统的一般原理来观察和把握经济系统和及其中的复杂现象。根据CAS学家霍兰研究，任何一个CAS由七大要素和机制，我们很好地建立起经济系统的对应物。有这些基本“部件”构成的CAS模型表现出真实经济系统的如下特征：行动者对可理解简单规则的遵循；层级结构；系统内信息传输和通讯。CAS模型表现出从环境中学习的功能。通过积木建构图式。给定系统的不确定性和多样性，经济系统的不断修改图式以适应新的环境，这就是CAS的学习过程。经济秩序是这样一种事态，它是社会内部建立的平衡而不是从外部施加的压力所致；它表现为经济生活的“连贯性、稳定性”和可预见性。没有它们，我们就不可能从事各自职业或是满足其基本需要。就一般抽象秩序而言，秩序是指这样一种事态，其中无数各种各样的要素之间相互关系极为密切，所以我们可以从整体中某个空间或时间片段所做的了解中学会对其余部分作出正确的预期。而经济中的“市场秩序”就是通过遵循一般规则和接受价格体系的指导而使各个行动者预期彼此协调的一种事态。经济秩序中，为什么行动者能够从时空片段的局部知识出发能够作出正确的预期？原因在于分工网络和交易系统。层级结构是秩序的常见特征。凡是秩序都是分层次和有结构的。经济系统中的层级结构体现为企业内部的科层现象、企业间的垂直分工和横向范围经济、以及产业聚集现象。层级结构实现信息节约和知识互补，因此极大有利于秩序的形成。层级结构主要由自发演化而形成而不是理性设计的产物。人为的大规模设计的层级结构并不能作为通向秩序的捷径。层级结构还把分立的主体整合在一个新的整体中发挥作用，为实现系统的涌现做贡献。观察经济的层级结构使我们向理解经济系统涌现的微观机制又前进了一步。相对价格体系和企业内直接指挥监督则是经济系统的通讯机制。企业内要素转变成产品的过程是信息加载的过程。相对价格体系在更大范围内实行通讯，把地理范围分离的企业间分工协调成整体。风险和不确定性是经济的常态，经济系统的通讯是系统适应环境变化的重要机制，经济系统的适应和反馈修正中不断形成“图式”和修改图式的过程都依靠通讯来完成。这个机制正如有人体基因作为人体形成和发育图式一样。对于观察者，秩序的形成和不断复杂化的过程无不伴随着信息流过程。类似个人技巧，企业的惯例是知识存贮形式，惯例作为企业的基因指导企业的行动，并使此企业区别于另一企业。价格体系则是经济系统高于企业的另一个层级的通讯机制。应用演化经济学概念，CAS的七个特性与机制在经济系统中得到令人满意的体现。CAS对于经济现象中看似矛盾的现象或看似不相关的现象得出了统一的解释。应用CAS对经济系统的解释，我们对哈耶克自发秩序思想做了全面的转译、解释和可能的发展。哈耶克对主流经济学传统的背弃，对于趋向一般均衡的过程的强调，从而对市场和自由的捍卫，以及最后向经济演化和自发秩序的皈依，其思想根基在于复杂性现象的理解。哈耶克的早期著作 “感觉的秩序”奠定了自发秩序思想的基础。“感觉的秩序”思想起源于他本科时代，那时他受到“维也纳小组”尤其是马赫的“感觉的分析”影响，这种影响导致哈耶克后来对于“社会科学的事实”的原创性解释和对“复杂现象”的深入探索。伴随着哈耶克的经济研究生涯，哈耶克对类似中枢神经系统的复杂系统的关注从来没有间断。经济系统在哈耶克那里是一个待解释的特例，当然是一个作为职业经济经济学家特别关注的特例。感觉的秩序类似经济系统的秩序。经济系统的秩序是放大了的中枢神经系的感觉秩序。感觉的秩序是从属于自然秩序的亚系统。“这个亚系统的秩序在某些方面同与它相对应的更大的自然秩序是相似的（Hayek,1952:16）。“感觉性质”就是CAS中的积木，把适应过程中反复检验过的感觉性质组合成“模型”和“关联”就是CAS的“内部模型”或“图式”。积木和内部模型在生物演化过程和文化演化的文化传递中不断根据外部环境进行修改，造就有机体（我们人类个体）复杂反应行为系统（本能、传统和理性及其衍生物）。“感觉的秩序”研究使哈耶克认识到一类复杂现象，这类现象中的事实不能按照自然科学研究的方法来观察和理解，这就是社会科学的事实。经济现象正式这类复杂现象。在经济系统这类复杂现象中，行动者的“意见”、行为不是科学意义上的“客观事实”，根本不能从自然的角度去定义。这导致我们对于经济学研究中心议题重新定义：它是“不同人的意图和预期之间的协调性问题，他们之间的知识分工问题，以及获得相关知识并形成预期过程的问题”。经济中企业和产业是系统中的分工或“物种形成”。在企业层面，这种图式体现为企业的惯例。生物学的“生态位”正是经济中的知识分工。中枢神经系统的学习机制也在经济系统中找到对应物。企业家就是专门分化出来应对环境不确定性的特别分工形式。在个体、企业、产业和整个经济系统各层面时刻都在对环境变化作出反应，在这种适应过程中，造就理性难以简单识别的复杂性。经济秩序理论的政策推论是，第一、经济系统是复杂适应系统，其根本特征是大数目的经济主体（个体和企业）在简单规则遵循基础上形成自发秩序。在这类复杂系统中，基于强还原论的简单线性因果关系没有解释力，也不能作为精确预测的基础。对于这类复杂现象，我们只能采用模式预测。第二、分工及其层级结构是经济系统中通往秩序的捷径。分工和交换和文明同义。通过降低交易费用，提高交易效率，可以促进和深化分工，从而促进经济秩序高级化。交易是权利的交易，因此界定和保护权利有利于提高交易效率。第三，经济主体的相互作用中对一般规则的遵循是自发秩序形成的前提。这个一般规则更多是无数代适应行为后的记忆，它以“禁令”的形式指导经济主体的行动。因此一般规则具有抽象性，它不给任何主体以“利润”或“好的”、“最优化”的指示，它不是对于行为的具体指导性意见。因此政府只能恪守三大否定性价值观——和平、正义与自由。

Economic order is a special sample of emergent property in complex adaptive system (CAS). This paper make use of CAS theory of Complexity Science to explain economic order, and place individual action, firm ,industry and market in an uniform analytic framework. To do this, we expect to apply an attempt of resolution to some predicament in New-Classical Economics.Different with Methodology of mainstream paradigm of the strong- reductionism, static equilibrium, determinism, constructive rationalism, our analysis is based on the methodology of wholeness and weak-reductionism, dynamic evolution and non-determinism - spontaneous order, in accordance with the logic of division of labor, transaction and economic order to understand economic system and economic phenomenon. Wholeness and weak-reductionism means to recognize that any economic phenomena can be reduced into its indecomposable minimum level, but not necessarily into the level of individual actors; wholeness mean that we recognize so-called "emerging" phenomenon in economic system., that is, the common phenomenon of “being stem from nothing” and “more stem from fewer” in firm and industrial agglomeration which is cooperation residual in team-production and increasing returns in economic system. When we observe economic phenomena by using scientific methods, we must be aware of ourselves as a smallest reduction level being placed in economic system. As element, we try to understand wholeness and emergent property on levels in economic system。On the contrary, observer is outside of the object we are observing in scientific study, and grasping the wholeness is as subsidiary awareness in our mind. So, to reduce is becoming its primary tasks. The second character of the methodology we uphold is dynamic evolution. Skills, routine, formal institutions in economic system, and any "solution" agent adopted to against the uncertainty of environment, are the products of continuous adaptive action. Environment include natural environment such as natural resources, and social environment such as Karl Popper’ so-called world 2 and world 3, that is , the interaction of numerous agents constitute “mutual environment”. Risks and uncertainties in economic system stem from not only nature but also our selves, our specialization, division of labor and complicated transaction system. Adaptation is a dynamic process. The process to general equilibrium of New Classical Economics should be placed in the central position in stage of whole economic analysis. The concept of Dynamic evolution can also be used to explain the long-term economic changes. With the introduction of time variable, increasing returns and the non-ergodic economic evolution will lead to being “locked-in” and non-convergence of economic development. Therefore the adaptive process of economic system that tends to optimum needs some degree of seemingly non-optimizing "disturbance" in order to break away from the state that long-term stay in a "shallow adaptive basin" which is only local maximum value ".The third character of the methodology we uphold is the concept of no-determinism and Spontaneous Order. Through understanding Kal Popper’s Comparison between could and clock, we can understand the difference between economic system as one kind of complex phenomenon and other things as simple one. To make an accurate prediction to the form changes of cloud is difficult. Large quantities of agents take action according to their own well-known local knowledge, specific state of the macro-consequences of the process can not be accurately forecast. To this Hayek argue that we can only make “principle explanation” and pattern-prediction to social phenomenon as complex phenomenon. The fundamental reason why economic system can not be accurately predicted lies in nonlinear character of CAS .We can understand the microscopic mechanism that character of the non-linear of CAS works though observation to the emergent property characterized by increasing return phenomenon take place in firm level as well as industry level. As element of minimum level in economic system, we are able to observe and understand the conscious behavior of individual in system easily, but difficultly to observe and understand the consequences of interaction in numerous individual which is beyond personal sense. An untended result for observers as the wholeness features of economic system emerge from complex system, economists call this as "invisible hand", "Menger doubt" or "spontaneous order." Spontaneous order in economy is only a special case in that of all kinds of CAS. So, a natural inference is that trying to comprehensively intervene, even construct a rational economic order is beyond our rationality limit.Economic order is not one of the topics in the research agenda of Neoclassical Economics, not even more the central topic. The studies for economic order found in classical works of Classical Economics, such as that of Adam.Smith and Karl.Menger , New Institutional Economics, Comparative Institutional Analysis, Evolutionary Economics, and in some literatures of studying specialization, division of labor and organizations in Neoclassical Economics. In addition, it also found in the studies of CAS by Santa Fe Institute in the United States and in the studies to economic system by employing General System Theory which Originated in Europe school of GST.Employed the theory of emergent property of CAS, we observe the complex phenomenon in economic system and grasp the essence of the system. According to John H. Holland(1995),any CAS includes 7 elements or mechanism, they are aggregation, tagging, nonlinear, flows, diversity, internal model(or schema), building block. So, we can also build its counterparts in economic system. In economic system, aggregation is characterized by family, firm and industrial cluster and so on; tagging is characterized by names, trademarks, company names and , product manual so on; flows is characterized by information flows, product flows and capital and capital goods flows and so on; building block is characterized by the primary element of any thing we cognizance and understand about such as color, volume ,quality, movement, threat and so on; diversity is characterized by the diversity of agents , the diversity of firm, the diversity of knowledge and information, the diversity of kills and routines held by firm; nonlinear is characterized by product of team-production and increasing return in industry and whole economy; internal model is characterized by kills and routines held by individual and firm.The economic system equipped with aforementioned seven basic elements and mechanism demonstrates the functions and characters are as follows: to learn based on following simple rules; hierarchical structure; information transmission and communication. Given uncertainties inside and outside the system and the diversity of elements, economic system constantly revised schema to adapt to the changing environment, and this is learning process of economic system as CAS. Economic order display the continuity and stability and predictability in economic life. a general abstract order is concerned, the order is that such a situation or state, in which there are numerous elements and they have close relationship for each other, so only though understanding situations of fragment of space or time of the whole can we make expectations correctly. Market order is that agents are able to be coherence in expectations by following rules and accept the guidance of price system(Hayek, 2000a).Why? it is the networks of division of labor , transaction system and price mechanism that lead order. Division of labor , exchange and civilization coexist and growing up together. The most importance of division of labor and exchange to the wealth of nations was emphasized by Adam Smith(1776),but The work that attach the most importance to human evolution and the progress of civilization was finished by Haim.Ofek(2001). Early abstract art cultivate and elevate the abstracting ability ; use and preservation of fire induced emergence of commercial exchange for the first time, as well as the ability of speech and evolution of human brain. Since then the evolution of civilization has being benefited from the non-personification and nominal commercial exchange, those districts with higher transaction efficiency can support a high degree of specialization and division of labor, and became the most prosperous economies economy.The division of labor is essentially division of knowledge. High-Phenotype-plastic human brain has being prepared for the division of knowledge. "Isotropic" knowledge structure has being broken by the division of knowledge. An anisotropic knowledge structure has formed. In this structure, each of the agents in economic system “knows more and more about less and less”. Exchange system form countless asymmetric fragments of knowledge into knowledge structure by series or/and parallel connection the capacity of t his structure is far beyond the volume of any individual human mind and its rational capacity.Transaction is institutional arrangements that causes , promotes, and supports to the division of labor. Early exchange taken place in relatives induced early division of labor, Standardized, regular and large-scale and non-personification transaction supports and promotes deepening of the division of labor. Transaction costs were re-interpreted of expenditure of resources supporting the division of labor. Roundabout production means preparation of more and more know ledges, which led to expenditure of resources. We call this expenditure learning costs. In our framework, Endogenous transaction costs, external transaction costs, learning costs and the costs of production consisted of all the costs of modern economy, the first three of which can be called the "coordination costs." However, any "cost" concepts being used to describe and understand phenomena in economic system are perspective of reductionism on the perspective system theory, there is no "cost", "income" and "maximize". At the end of Neo-classical economics paradigm, new institutional economics(NIE) has opened up a new domain or institutional and organization analysis. In the limitations of NIE, the complexity theory, specially , CAS theory, provides a set of new means of interpretation. Emergent property in economic system is a "Translation" to "spontaneous order theory" in economics in term of complexity Science. After systematic review of the thoughts of spontaneous order in economics, we employed the theory of self-organization of complexity science , especially ,the emergent property theory, hierarchical structure theory, and information and communication theory , to explain economic order. Seven characteristics and mechanisms of CAS theory are used in explaining economic system satisfyingly. In particular, we make use of CAS theory, to explain the famous Hayek's thoughts of spontaneous order. What the inferences and application in public policy of our economic order theory is as follows.Firstly, the economic system is a complex adaptive system, which has a fundamental characteristic that large number of economic agents (individuals and firm) interact and form spontaneous order based on following a set of simple rules In such complex systems. Based on strong-reductionism and the hypothesis of simple linear causal relationship, conditional theory does not explain complex economic phenomena, nor as the basis of accurate. To such complex phenomenon, we can only take place of” pattern prediction”(Hayek,1967).Secondly, division of labor and hierarchical structure is shortcut to order in economic system , Division of labor and transaction are vitally important to our civilization, that is ,division of labor and transaction themselves are civilization. By decreasing transaction costs and improving the efficiency of transaction, we can promote and deepen the division of labor, so as to advance economic order (to a higher level).Transactions are always deal of rights, so defining and protecting rights effectively benefit to promote the efficiency of transaction.Thirdly, it is the pre-condition that economic agents follow the general rule to lead to spontaneous order. The general rule is more about memories by countless generations in the process of adaptive action; it guides the economic agents’ action in the form of "ban" and commandments. General rule is abstract; it does not give any specific advices to economic agent to guide his economic action. Therefore, the Government in economic system can only abide by the three major negative values - peace, justice and freedom.