职业转换（Career transition）是个体在职业生涯的发展中，发生的角色、关系、工作或生活路径的改变。在工作变动越来越频繁的今天，研究个体职业转换的重要性在提升。然而，在聚焦于职业转换影响因素的研究中，少有研究关注到民航乘务员这一群体。在大众认知中，民航乘务员是一个光鲜亮丽的职业，然而民航乘务员的职业转换需求和现象其实非常普遍。为何民航乘务员会舍弃体面的工作，又是如何克服巨大困难，成功转换其他职业呢？本研究试图对这一问题进行回答，致力于对民航乘务员职业转换影响因素进行探讨，这对民航乘务员职业转换的理论研究有所补充，同时，也具有为民航乘务员群体提供生涯规划和咨询指导依据、促进其生涯发展以及提升幸福感的重要现实意义。

本研究采用扎根理论的方法，自下而上地建构民航乘务员职业转换的影响因素模型。首先，研究利用半结构式深度访谈，对16位已成功完成职业转换的民航乘务员进行了一对一访谈，了解其职业转换的过程，以探索促使他们成功完成职业转换的影响因素；其次，研究采用程序化的扎根理论方法，对访谈文本进行三级编码；最后，构建民航乘务员职业转换的影响因素模型。

结果显示，影响民航乘务员职业转换的因素可以概括为推力因素、阻力因素和助力因素。具体而言，推力因素引发了民航乘务员的转换动机，主要包含社会环境、飞行特点、工作环境，规章制度、组织管理、行业局限、人口学因素、个体行为倾向、主观感知、需求追求、压力、职业认知、工作匹配度13个维度；阻力因素是在职业转换过程中面临的困难和阻力，主要包含民航弱势能力、客观困境、人际阻碍、负面情感4个维度；助力因素是有助于个体克服困难并成功完成职业转换的主客观条件，主要包含民航优势能力、偶然事件、社会支持、心理品质、适应行为5个维度。

总体来说，依据以上三因素，研究整合了民航乘务员职业转换的影响因素模型。从结果来看，民航乘务员在进行职业转换时虽然面临民航弱势能力等客观困难，但是个体内在的心理品质、相对应的适应行为和民航优势能力对成功的职业转换起到了非常关键的作用。

Career transitions refer to the change of role, relationship, job or life path during the development of an individual’s career. Nowadays, due to the increase of  individuals’ job changes, the importance of studying individual career transitions has increased. Among previous research that focused on the influencing factors of career transitions, few of them focused on the group of civil aviation flight attendants. While the public perception of civil aviation flight attendants is that they are in a glamorous profession, the need for and phenomenon of career transitions is actually very common among them.  It is still unclear why do flight attendants give up their decent jobs and how do they overcome great difficulties to successfully switch to other occupations. This study attempts to answer this question by exploring the factors influencing career change among civil aviation flight attendants, which will supplement the theoretical research on career transitions among civil aviation flight attendants. At the same time, it may have important practical significance in providing a basis for career planning and counselling for the civil aviation flight attendants, promoting their career development and enhancing their sense of well-being.

This study adopts the grounded theory method to construct a bottom-up model of the influencing factors of the career transitions of civil aviation flight attendants. Firstly, the semi-structured in-depth interview was used to conduct individual interviews with 16 civil aviation flight attendants who had successfully completed career transitions to understand the process of their career transitions and the influencing factors that contributed to their successful career transitions.  Secondly, the research adopts the programmatic grounded theory method to carry out three-level coding of the interview texts. Finally, a model of influencing factors of career transitions of civil aviation flight attendants is constructed.

The results showed that the factors influencing the career transitions of civil aviation flight attendants could be summarized as propelling factors, hindering factors, and assisting factors.  Specifically, propelling factors trigger the transition motivation of civil aviation flight attendants, which mainly includes 13 dimensions including social environment, flight characteristics, working environment, rules and regulations, organizational management, industry limitations, demographic factors, individual behavioral tendency, subjective perception, demand pursuit, pressure, occupational cognition and job matching degree. Hindering factors mean the difficulties and  obstacles faced in the process of career transitions, which mainly includes the weak ability of civil aviation, objective predicament, interpersonal obstacles and negative emotions. Assisting factors are the  subjective and objective conditions that help individuals overcome difficulties and successfully complete career transitions, including civil aviation advantages, opportunity events, social support, psychological quality, and adaptive behaviors.In conclusion, according to these three factors, this research integrated a model of the influencing factors for career transitions of civil aviation flight attendants.

The results showed that although civil aviation flight attendants faced objective difficulties such as weak abilities in civil aviation when they were undergoing a career transition, their internal psychological qualities, corresponding adaptive behaviors, and advantages in civil aviation played a crucial role in their successful career transitions.