清朝是中国历史上最后一个封建王朝，也是中国古代易学发展的一个重要时期。目前流传下来的清代易学著作在数量上超过了以往任何一个朝代。 《清史稿·艺文志》著录易类著作423部，《<清史稿·艺文志>补编》著录186部，《<清史稿·艺文志>拾遗》著录786部，可见清代易学著作是非常丰富的，清代是古代易学发展的一个繁盛时期。

就易学特色和风格而言，清代的易学宗派林立，异彩纷呈,表现出多样性、复杂性。清初，由于得到清代官方的鼎力支持，程朱易学稳居官方统治地位，宋易义理学得到了广泛的承袭与传播。顺治、康熙二位皇帝皆倡导程朱易学，以程朱易学为科举之标准。顺治命傅以渐、曹本荣撰《易经通注》，康熙则御定《日讲易经解义》，并谕令李光地等撰《周易折中》，三书皆以程朱易学为宗，程朱易学受到广大士大夫和民间学者的尊崇，是当时易学界之主流。

从动态的发展演变历程来看，清代易学的发展表现为宋易与汉易的此消彼长，宋易在清初时期兴盛繁荣，至清中期逐渐失去内在发展动力，而汉易则由清初发微逐渐壮大，最终走向兴盛。

从学术影响力来看，虽然清代的汉易比宋易影响更为深远，但是就社会发展和社会政治来说，宋易则远比汉易更具影响力，因此加强对清代宋易的研究是十分必要的，而清代官方易学就是清代宋易学最为重要的组成部分。

论文按照成书的时间顺序考察了清代官方纂修的《易经通注》、《日讲易经解义》、《周易折中》、《周易述义》、《四库全书总目》等五部著作的易学思想。其中前四部是易学专著，《四库全书总目》虽不是易学专著，但它为众多具有代表性的易学著作撰写了提要和评介，在某种意义上可以视为清代官方纂修的一部中国古代易学简史。这五部著作都是在清中期以前纂修的，《易经通注》成书于顺治朝，《日讲易经解义》、《周易折中》是康熙朝著作，而《周易述义》、《四库全书总目》则由乾隆皇帝谕令纂修的。嘉庆之后，清政府积贫积弱，内忧外患，已经无暇顾及学术，清代官方易学至此停止发展。

通过研究，论文认为清代官方易学主要体现了以下三方面特点：

一．    清代官方易学以义理学为主，注重发挥经世致用之学。《易经通注》通经致用、以义理解《易》的学术路数为清代官方后来纂修的易学著作所继承并发扬光大，《日讲易经解义》、《周易折中》、《周易述义》都可以看做是《易经通注》的进一步完善和发展。这几部著作的最大特点就是以义理解《易》，侧重发挥《周易》的义理，阐述政治思想。

二．    清代官方易学对象数越来越重视，并呈现出某些以象数解《易》的新特点。虽然清代官方易学以义理学为主，但从动态的发展趋势来看，它越来越重视象数学。最早成书的《易经通注》对象数学关注甚少，重在发明义理。其后，《日讲易经解义》则沿袭朱熹《周易本义》的做法，关注象数派的图书之学和卦变说并作了简要论述。《周易折中》则更加重视象数，认为邵雍的图卦蓍策是易学的根本,阐述了许多新的象数学的观点。《周易述义》在解析卦爻辞时往往采用卦变说、卦气说、互体说、错综说等，表现出以象数解《易》的特点。《四库全书总目》则主张对象数义理的各宗各派兼收并蓄。

三．    清代官方易学与清代的社会政治有着极为密切的联系。某种意义上说，清代官方易学是清代政治政策的产物，反过来又对清代的社会政治产生了深远影响。从定鼎中原始，清代官方就实行“崇儒重道”的政策，并且历代皇帝一以贯之。朝廷极为重视对儒家经典的整理和阐释，广揽儒士，大规模编撰图书，《易经通注》、《日讲易经解义》、《周易折中》、《周易述义》、《四库全书总目》都是这一政策的产物。这些著作结合社会现实对《周易》本身所包含的政治思想和政治策略进一步延展发挥，使易学的政治思想更为丰富多彩，更具有实践性，为清代官方施政提供了很好的借鉴。因此，研究清代官方易学不仅能加深我们对清代官方“崇儒重道”政策的理解，同时也能为我们探索清代康乾盛世局面出现的原因提供新的思路。

The Qing Dynasty is the last dynasty in the Chinese history, which lasted a total of 268 years. It was an important period for the development of Yi-ology in the ancient times. The works on Yi-ology passed down from the Qing Dynasty outnumbered those produced in any other dynasties. Qing Dynasty History Manuscript, Descriptive Accounts of Books in Dynastic Histories includes 423 works on Yi -ology. Supplement to Qing Dynasty History Manuscript, Descriptive Accounts of Books in Dynastic Histories includes 186 works, and Qing Dynasty History Manuscript, Supplement to Deficiency in Descriptive Accounts of Books in Dynastic Histories includes 786 works. Hence, we can see that there were abundant works on Yi-ology in the Qing Dynasty. It was a prosperous period for the development of the ancient Yi-ology.

In terms of the features and style of Yi-ology, there were diversified schools of Yi-ology in great numbers in the Qing Dynasty. They represented a colorful diversity and complexity. In the early Qing dynasty, with full support of the Qing government, Cheng Yi’s and Zhu Xi’s Yi-ology remained its officially dominant position. Yi Li-ology of the Song dynasty was widely inherited and spread. Shun Zhi and Kang Xi, two emperors of the Qing dynasty, advocated Cheng Yi’s and Zhu Xi’s Yi-ology and regarded it as the standard of the imperial examination system. The emperor Shun Zhi ordered Fu Yijian and Cao Benrong to write Word-by-Word Annotation to the Book of Changes. The emperor Kangxi made the imperial decision on the content of Day-to-day Interpretations of the Book of Changes and ordered Li Guangdi et al. to write Compromise on Zhou Yi (Zhou Yi, written by King Wen of the Zhou Dynasty according to legend). Developed around Cheng Yi’s and Zhu Xi’s Yi-ology, these three books received broad reverence of scholar officials and folk scholars and were the mainstream in the circle of Yi-ology.

In terms of dynamic development and evolution process, the development of Yi-ology in the Qing dynasty was represented in the trading off between Song Yi-ology and Han Yi-ology. The Song Yi-ology thrived in the early Qing dynasty, but gradually lost internal momentum in the mid Qing dynasty. While Han Yi-ology developed and grew in the early Qing dynasty and finally became prosperous.

In terms of academic influence, despite that Han Yi-ology in the Qing dynasty has more far-reaching impact than Song Yi-ology, the latter is more influential in terms of social development and social politics. Therefore, it is very necessary to strengthen the research of Song Yi-ology in the Qing dynasty. Yi-ology of the Qing government becomes the vital part of Song Yi-ology in the Qing dynasty.

This thesis has investigated in the chronological order the Yi-ology thoughts in a total of five works, namely Word-by-Word Annotation to the Book of Changes, Day-to-day Interpretations of the Book of Changes, The Book of Changes, Compromise on Zhou Yi, Interpretations of Zhou Yi and Complete Library of the Four Branches of Literature. The first four works are the treatises on Yi-ology. Although Complete Library of the Four Branches of Literature is not a treatise on Yi-ology, it includes abstracts and comments for a great number of representative works on Yi-ology. In a sense, it can be regarded as a brief history of Yi-ology in the ancient China which was compiled and revised under the order of the Qing government. These five works were compiled and revised before the mid Qing dynasty. Interpretations of the Book of Changes was completed during the reign of the emperor Shunzhi. Both of Day-to-day Interpretations of the Book of Changes and Compromise on Zhou Yi were written during the reign of emperor Kangxi. Interpretations of the Book of Changes was ordered to be compiled and revised under the order of the emperor Qianlong. After the emperor Jiaqing, the Qing government was so poor and weak with domestic turmoil and foreign aggression, that it had no time to attend to academics. As a result, Yi-ology of the Qing government had to stop in its development.

Through study, this thesis believes that Yi-ology of the Qing government mainly represents its features in the following three aspects:

Firstly, with the Yi Li-ology as the core, Yi-ology of the Qing government attached importance to playing its role that would meet present needs. Word-by-Word Annotation to the Book of Changes’ academic approach in applying the classical thoughts to practice was inherited and enhanced by Yi-ology works compiled and revised by the Qing government. Day-to-day Interpretations of the Book of Changes, Compromise on Zhou Yi and Interpretations of Zhou Yi can be regarded as the further improvement and development of Word-by-Word Annotation to the Book of Changes. Featured by their interpretation of Yi-ology with Confucian classic thoughts, these three works lay particular emphasis on the Confucian classic thoughts of Zhou Yi to elaborate political thoughts.

Secondly, the Qing government attached increasing importance to emblems and numbers, with the new feature of using emblems and numbers to understand Yi-ology. The Yi-ology of the Qing government focused on Confucian classic thoughts, but from the dynamic development trend, it laid more and more emphasis on emblems and numbers. Word-by-Word Annotation to the Book of Changes, the earliest produced book on interpretations of Yi-ology, paid little attention to emblems and numbers, and emphasized exploration of Confucian classic thoughts. Later, Day-to-day Interpretations of the Book of Changes followed the approaches adopted in the Original Meaning of Zhou Yi which was written by Zhu Xi. It was concerned with the theory of books and changes of the eight diagrams, and stated them briefly. Compromise on Zhou Yi laid more emphasis on emblems and numbers, which regarded that eight diagrams and divination practice by Shao Yong as the root of Yi-ology, and set forth a great number of new views of emblems and numbers. Interpretations of Zhou Yi adopted the changes of eight diagrams, divinatory symbols gas, interbody, complexity theories when interpreting divinatory words to represent the features in the interpretation of Yi-ology with emblems and numbers. Complete Library of the Four Branches of Literature stood for all embracing a variety of schools of emblems and numbers as well as Yi Li-ology.

Thirdly, Yi-ology of the Qing dynasty has an extremely close relationship with social politics. In a sense, Yi-ology of the Qing dynasty was the product of politics and policies in the Qing dynasty; in turn, it had profound impact over the social politics in the Qing dynasty. Since the establishment of the Qing dynasty, the Qing government had implemented the policy of “reverence of Confucian classic thoughts”. It ran through the reign of generations of emperors. The Qing government had a high regard for sorting and interpreting the Confucian classics. They attracted Confucian scholars to compile books in large scale. Word-by-Word Annotation to the Book of Changes; Day-to-day Interpretations of the Book of Changes; Compromise on the Book of Changes; Interpretations of the Book of Changes; Complete Library of the Four Branches of Literature, Yi-ology were the products of this policy. These works made further extension and development of the political thoughts and strategies of Zhou Yi itself by combining social reality, which enriched the political thoughts of Yi-ology and made Yi-ology more practical to provide quite good reference for the Qing government. Therefore, study on Yi-ology of the Qing dynasty not only deepens our understanding of the Qing government’s “reverence of Confucian classic thoughts” policy, but also provides new line of thinking for our exploration of the reason for the peaceful and prosperous age of Kang Xi and Qian Long in the Qing dynasty.