为推动我国政府管理结构与管理方式的现代化，促进政府部门在权力分配上更加科学、在体制与机制上更加健全完备、在工作管理上更加有效，基层公职人员所面临的工作条件将越来越复杂，工作压力不断增大，既要执行公共政策，又要改善公共服务的质量，还要随时面对各项任务后期的问责，长期处于高度压力之下让基层公职人员慢慢丧失工作热情，失去工作主动性，这种情况对基层公职人员自身的工作效率和单位形象都有极大的弊端，在这种情况下注意基层公职人员的工作主动性就显得很有必要。

员工的工作主动性又被单位里面领导和员工两者关系影响，领导者在单位里面的角色非常重要，领导者的工作经历、个人阅历以及在工作中的行为方式不只关系其自身的工作成效，更影响到员工的工作积极性以及行为方式，甚至会影响到整个单位的工作成果的展现。公仆型领导遵循为他人服务的理念，以身作则地带领下属来开展工作。所以，研究公仆型领导如何作用员工的工作主动性，同时进一步探究这一关系的作用路径和边界条件具有重要的价值。

本文重点研究了公仆型领导对基层公职人员工作主动性的影响，并研究了公共服务动机的中介作用，与领导成员交换关系以及集体主义的调节效果。本文以四川省G市的基层公职人员为研究对象，对448名基层公职人员开展了问卷调查，同时结合半结构访谈方法对10名基层公职人员开展了访谈。对得到的问卷数据进行了描述性统计分析、人口统计学变量对各研究变量的方差分析、相关分析、回归分析以及中介、调节作用检验等分析，得到了以下结果：公仆型领导可以影响基层公职人员工作主动性；公共服务动机在公仆型领导和基层公职人员工作主动性之间起中介作用；领导成员交换关系和集体主义调节了公仆型领导和公共服务动机之间的关系。同时结合访谈内容，提出为了提高基层公职人员工作主动性，建议组织领导认真领会并践行公仆型领导模式，引导基层公职人员提高公共服务动机，同时创造良好的工作环境等方式来提高单位员工的工作主动性。

With the modernization of national governance system and capacity, the scientization of government function allocation, the perfection of systems and mechanisms, and an increasing efficiency in management, civil officials at grass-roots level are facing with a much more complicated working environment and their working pressure also increases. Civil officials at grass-roots level not only implement pubic policies, but also improve public service. Meanwhile, they undertake responsibility mechanism of sorts of work. Long term and high intense work makes grass-roots public officials lose their work initiative gradually, which is harmful to organizational efficiency and government image.

Civil servants’ working initiatives are influenced by leaders and colleagues. The effectiveness of leadership is the key point for organization’s success and failure. The leaders bear heavy burdens to organize, whose ideology and psychological quality not only affect the effectiveness of personal work, but also the role of its subordinates and groups, and even the entire organizational behavior and performance.Servant leaders treat selfless service as the priority. By building a trusted and supportive organizational culture, employees’ creativity and initiative can be cultivated, which promotes a successful organization. Therefore, researches on how servant leadership affect employees’ work initiative

A questionnaire survey is conducted among 448 grass-roots civil officials.The obtained data is analyzed by means of descriptive analysis, factor analysis and regression analysis. The conclusions are as follows: Firstly, servant leadership influence work initiative obviously. Secondly, public service motivation plays a mediating role between servant leadership and work initiative. In order to enhance employee’s work initiative, it is suggest that the leaders should grasp the profound connotation of servant leadership, practice servant leadership actively, and create conditions to stimulate employees’ work initiative.