“水是生命之源、生产之要、生态之基”，我国却是全球人均水资源最贫乏的国家之一。随着社会经济的高速发展，城镇化进程不断加快，我国已进入水污染事件突发的集中期，由此带来的危害和负面影响越来越大。层出不穷的水污染事件，日趋加剧的水环境污染已经严重威胁河湖生态健康，危及人类生存与经济社会发展，部分突发水污染事件直接威胁饮用水安全，并可能成为影响社会稳定的因素。做好突发事件的应急响应工作、确保饮用水安全，有效防控、快速有效地应对和处置各类突发性水污染事件，最大程度地减轻突发事件造成的危害和不利影响……，各级政府面临的形势十分严峻，主要表现在：对突发性水污染事件应急处置工作的重视不足，重特大突发事件处置能力不足，包括突发水污染事件信息报告和应急处置反馈制度不完善且执行不力，部门间应急协作机制不健全，水污染应急监测能力和技术设备配套不足，配套制度及相关法律法规不足等。文章运用应急管理和行政组织管理等公共管理理论，综合运用规范和实证相结合的文献研究方法和案例分析方法，通过定量与定性分析相结合、比较与系统研究相结合的方法，对我国突发性水污染事件应急处置进行研究。首先，通过对我国突发性水污染事件相关背景的归纳阐述及突发水污染事件应急处置现状的梳理，总结成因、特点，发现问题。其次，对突发性水污染事件应急处置与防范的制度、技术等方面进行研究分析，专题对突发水污染事件的应急预案进行分析与归纳，提出事件中政府应起到的作用。根据国内外已发生的重大水污染事件应急处置及对常用处置方法的梳理总结，进行了典型案例分析与经验总结，通过国内外对比归纳不足和可借鉴之处。最后，结合我国的国情水情，提出突发水污染事件应急处置制度、机制、运行方式及保障措施等方面的对策建议。

"Water is the source of life, an essential factor of production and an element of ecology", China is one of the poorest countries in per capita water resources around the world. With the rapid development of social economy, the accelerating process of urbanization, China has entered its “high-incidence season” of water pollution incidents, as a result of which the problems caused have been getting progressively worse. More and more intensified water environment pollution has seriously threatened the ecological health of rivers and lakes, and endangered the survival of mankind and the development of economy and society. Some of sudden water pollution incidents have threatened the safety of drinking water, and may become a factor affecting social stability. Emergency response to ensure the safety of drinking water, effective prevention and control of, quick and effective dispose of all types of water pollution incidents, minimizing the harm and adverse effects caused by unexpected events...... At all levels of government are faced with the situation is very grim, mainly in less attention of sudden water pollution incident prevention work, obvious deficiencies in ability to cope with heavy sudden water pollution incidents, lack of emergency work reports and feedback of information, insufficiency of technology and forming a complete set of equipment of water pollution emergency monitoring, and deficiency in supporting system and the relevant laws and regulations, etc.This paper conducts the research to emergency disposal of sudden water pollution incidents, by using of emergency management theory and the theory of bureaucratic (or administrative) organization. The methodology applied in this research is a comprehensive use of the literature research method with both empirical and normative research, and case analysis method with a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis, and a combination of competitive and systemic analysis. First of all, following the development of the sudden water pollution events in China, based on the status quo of emergency disposal of sudden water pollution incidents, it attempts to summarize causes、characteristics, find problems; secondly, it conducts research and analysis on regulatory frameworks and technologies of sudden water pollution incidental emergency disposal and prevention，including domestic and overseas. Project of sudden water pollution incident emergency plan was summarized and analyzed, and also the role of government in these events. Then according to typical case analysis on domestic and foreign major water pollution incidental emergency disposal and commonly used treatment methods, gaps and experiences are identified. Finally，combined with China's national conditions and water regime, this dissertation puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on system, mechanism, operation mode and safeguard measures, etc. Key Words：Protection of Water Resources; Water Pollution; Emergency; Emergency Management