风景描写在作家笔下仿佛随意为之，但它的出现带有社会历史文化的烙印。因而，对风景描写进行文化阐释是可能的，这种阐释关涉一定的文化价值观和身份意识。从这个前提出发，本文拟探讨抗战时期文学中的风景描写为何以及如何对民族认同具有重要作用这一问题。 首先，风景的叙述显而易见与抗战动员、民族认同相应和。抗战诗歌中的风景描写多以“外挂式”风景意象发挥作用；通过美好的风景遭到破坏这一差异原则将日军凸显为同仇敌忾的对象；流亡中的风景将历史与现实相印证，唤起了民族认同感；风景的呈现不仅通过彰显地方色彩成就中国多样统一的文化想象，而且还直接参与了社会历史或个人心理的建构；风景的“见”与“不见”体现的是作家心态结构的差异。 其次，风景在抗战时期的民族认同中扮演重要角色具有其现实的依据。风景作为抗战时期文学的素材，以其意识形态的中立性或隐蔽性而能为不同利益集团的人所接受，成为民族价值观念的最大公约数；没有受过多少文化教育的广大群众对风景的接受更为迅捷；通过风景对群众巨像的雕刻，后者的历史主体地位得以确立。 再次，风景在抗战时期的民族认同中扮演重要角色还具有其心理的依据。在亡国灭种的创伤性历史情境中，人们对匮乏的实证化——风景充满了快感地认同，形成了物恋的文化心理，黄河就成为抗战时期的全民物恋对象；另一方面，重庆作为抗战时期风云际会的城市，作家从外围到内部将其逐一呈现。它作为匮乏的先兆、阉割主体的能指，成为与物恋相对的惧物客体，逼使作家直面现实的苦难并有所行动。此外，物恋这一概念的核心特征“替换”，决定了风景描写的交互被动性。交互被动性是指主体不间断地主动着，同时把自己生命的根本被动性转移给大他者，而通过风景来转移自己的被动性的行为则基于一种幻想。本部分以王西彦的《风雪》与冯至的《山水》分析之。 最后，在风景与民族认同之间还存在着性别意识形态的中介作用，风景经常被用作对民族国家的性别化以及对女性身份的定位。本部分以萧红、孙犁、丁玲为个案试析女性与民族国家的关系。其间，风景是解析这一问题的催化剂。综合以上内容，可以作进一步引申：其一，风景在一切政治、历史、文学文本中具有重要作用，它和时代的意识形态密切相关；其二，风景的一切意义围绕着人的主体性而构建，它不仅为人类活动提供背景，而且还填补着主体自身宿命般的罅隙。对具体风景的具体分析，可以切入到符号网络的枝枝蔓蔓，洞见各家各派的立场，从而实现向行动的过渡。

Landscape description, seemingly casual in writings, is marked by social history and culture. Hence, a cultural interpretation that involves certain cultural values and identity is made possible. Based on this, the paper is to explore why the landscape description in literature during Anti-Japanese War is influential to national identity and how it does. First of all, landscape description apparently echoed with mobilization of Anti-Japanese forces and national identity. In most cases, landscape description in poems written during Anti-Japanese War functioned through landscape image of outside hang style. The image of Japanese army as a unanimous enemy was recognized by means of a contrast between beautiful landscape and its destruct by Japanese army. Landscape seen in exile linked history to reality and aroused national identity. The presentation of landscape not only achieved cultural imagination of integrated variety through a demonstration of sectional features, but participated directly in the construction of social history and individual psychology. What reflected by “visibility” and “invisibility” of landscape was the difference of writers’ psychology. Secondly, it was due to the reality that landscape obtained its important role in shaping the national identity in the warring period. As a neutral source material, landscape could be accepted by different interest groups for neutrality or invisibility of its ideology. Therefore, it became the biggest common divisor of national values. In addition, landscape could be accepted in an easier and faster way by the masses that were less educated and the dominant position in history of the latter was established through carving of the huge masses statue by landscape. Thirdly, psychology served as another element that enabled landscape to be an important role in shaping the national identity during the war. On one hand, people approved landscape——the positivization of the lack with enjoyment in a traumatic historical situation that the whole nation and race was confronted with the danger of extinction. Hence, a cultural psychology of fetishism came into being, with Yellow River being objects of whole nation’s fetish during Anti-Japanese War. On the other, writers presented the famous city, Chongqing, from outside to inside. As a signifier of the symptom of the lack and castrating the subject, Chongqing became a phobia relative to the fetish, which compelled writers to face to the difficulties and have actions.Besides, “substitution”, the core feature of the inner structure of the concept fetishism, results in interpassivity of landscape description. Interpassivity refers to the subject being constantly active while transferring fundamental passivity of its life to the Other. It is a kind of vision to transfer one’s passivity through landscape. It is to be analyzed in this chapter through Snow Storm by Wang Xiyan and Mountains and Water by Feng Zhi. Finally, there exists the medium function of sexual ideology between landscape and national identity. Landscape is often used to sexualize a nation-state and to determine female identity. In this chapter, I will attempt to explore the relationship between female and nation-state with cases of Xiao Hong, Sun Li, and Ding Ling. Landscape is catalyzer to analysis of the problem. A summary of previous description can be further extended to the following points: first, landscape plays an important role in all the political, historical and literary writings and is closely related with ideology of the time; second, the whole meaning of landscape is obtained from the human subjectivity. It not only provides background for human activity, but fills up the predestinate rift of subject itself. A specific analysis of specific landscape can help one to trace every branch of sign system and to know thoroughly the viewpoints of every school. Thereby, passage to the act can be achieved.