随着新课标的提出新教材也随之而来，与旧教材相比变化较大。为了纵向研究教材的变化，了解新旧教材的不同之处，弄清楚新版教材增加与减少的内容，理清新教材对学生的要求，本文选取2019年和2004年的人教A版教材数列这一章，从课标要求、整体布局、课程内容、例题和习题、数学文化、核心素养几个角度对比研究两版教材。研究中采用了鲍建生的五因素多水平模型，量化分析课程难度。最终得到的结论有：新教材的整体布局更合理；知识点增加、表述更精准；例、习题的难度增加、更具有层次性；数学文化与课程融合程度更好，在实际情境中培养核心素养。并结合研究结论提出了几点教材使用建议，教师需要把握教材的变化，立足时代特色和课标要求，选择合适的教材，适当增删内容，取长补短，优化教学。

With the introduction of new curriculum standards, new teaching materials also follow, which has changed greatly compared with the old teaching materials. In order to longitudinally study the changes in teaching materials, understand the differences between the old and new teaching materials, and clarify the requirements of the new teaching materials for students, this article selects the sequence of numbers chapter of the 2019 and 2004 editions textbooks of the People's Education Press version A. The two editions of textbooks are compared and studied from the perspectives of course standard requirements, overall layout, course content, examples and exercises, mathematical culture, and core literacy. In the research, Bao Jiansheng's five-factor multi-level model is used to quantitatively analyze the difficulty of the course. The final conclusions are: the overall layout of the new textbook is more reasonable; the knowledge points are increased and the expression is more accurate; the difficulty of examples and exercises is increased and more hierarchical; the integration of mathematics culture and curriculum is better, and core literacy can be cultivated in actual situations. Combined with the research conclusions, some suggestions for the use of teaching materials are put forward. Teachers need to grasp the changes in teaching materials, choose appropriate teaching materials, add and delete content appropriately, learn from each other's strengths and complement their weaknesses, and optimize teaching based on the characteristics of the times and the requirements of curriculum standards.