近年来，生物多样性丧失已经成为一项迫切的全球环境问题，以往研究在生物多样性话语研究方面取得了一些积极成果，主要可以分为三个领域：环境社会学、环境政治学和生态语言学。生态语言学领域对生物多样性话语的研究仍处于起步阶段，特别是生态身份没有得到太多关注，生态身份有助于揭示人如何构建与自然的关系，促进生物多样性的和谐发展。因此，本研究旨在从立场表达的视角探讨生物多样性话语中的生态身份，从而揭示生态身份建构中的立场评价。

基于以往研究，本研究提出了一个生态身份分析框架，包括立场标记的分类、话语策略和生态身份。在研究方法方面，本研究采用量化统计软件和语料质性分析相结合的研究方法。首先，本研究使用KHcoder对于语料中表示生物多样性保护的行为相关实词进行阶层集群分析和共现词网络分析，总结出新闻报道中的四个生态身份；其次，本研究依据《中国生物多样性保护白皮书》对四个生态身份进行具体分类；最后，依据生态身份的具体分类，使用MAXQDA质性研究软件对于语料进行编码和统计。

通过对于数据的结果进行统计和分析发现：生物多样性新闻报道中存在四种生态身份，包括生物多样性建设者、生物多样性改善者、生物多样性治理者和生物多样性合作者。其中，生物多样性治理者是新闻报道中最突出的生态身份，其次是生物多样性建设者、生物多样性合作者和生物多样性改善者。另外，研究也发现：基于立场标记语，有四种话语策略被用来建构生态身份，包括合理化策略、趋近化策略、权威化策略和道德化策略。其中，合理化策略是构建生态身份最常用的策略，其次是趋近化策略、权威化策略和道德化策略。在合理化策略方面，效果合理化策略比目标合理化策略使用得更多，这表明通过合理化来建构生态身份更多地依赖于论述生物多样性保护结果。除了合理化策略，趋近化策略是第二常用的话语策略。在趋近化的三个子策略中，空间趋近化频率最高，而时间趋近化和价值趋近化几乎是频率相同的。与合理化和趋近化相比，即使权威化和道德化是最不经常使用的话语策略，但它们在生物多样性新闻报道中也对生态身份的建构做出了一些贡献。在权威化策略方面，个人权威化占比高于非个人权威化，增强了生物多样性保护的印象感和亲和力，同时确保了生物多样性保护信息源的可靠性。

鉴于生态多样性丧失这一紧迫的环境问题，本研究发现对揭示新闻报道中突显的生物多样性保护行动和如何建构人与生物多样性的关系具有一定的启示。据此，新闻媒体能够平衡报道生物多样性保护的不同生态身份，并采取特定的话语策略来实现生态身份建构，从而加强读者对生物多样性丧失的意识和对生物多样性保护重要性的认知。

In recent year, biodiversity loss has developed into a pressing global environmental issue. The present studies have achieved some positive results in biodiversity conservation and they can mainly be divided into three branches: environmental sociology, environmental politics and ecolinguistics. The studies of biodiversity discourse in ecolinguistics field remains at the starting stage especially ecological identity, the way people construe themselves in relationship to the nature, does not gain much attention. Therefore, this study aims to explore ecological identity from the perspective of stancetaking, disclosing stance evaluation in identity construction.

Based on the previous studies, this study proposes an analytical framework for ecological identity analysis including a classification of stance markers, discursive strategies and ecological identities. In terms of research methodology, this study adopts a mixed research method combining qualitative and quantitative method. Firstly, by using software KHCoder, this study conducts a hierarchical cluster analysis and a co-occurrence network analysis of content words representing biodiversity conservation actions. There are four ecological identities found in the data. Secondly, this study further classifies the ecological identity and clarifies the concrete examples of each subcategory according to White Paper on Biodiversity Conservation in China. Thirdly, annotation and calculation are conducted by using software MAXQDA.

The results of ecological identity and discursive strategies are as follows. Firstly, there are four types of ecological identities including biodiversity builder, biodiversity improver, biodiversity governor, and biodiversity cooperator. Among them, biodiversity governor is the most prominent ecological identity in news reports on biodiversity, which is followed by biodiversity builder, biodiversity cooperator and biodiversity improver. Secondly, four discursive strategies are employed to justify the construction of ecological identity including rationalization strategy, proximization strategy, authorization strategy and moralization strategy. Among them, rationalization strategy is the most frequently employed strategy to construct ecological identity, followed by proximization strategy, authorization strategy, and moralization strategy. As for rationalization strategy, effect-oriented rationalization outnumber goal-oriented, which indicates that justification of ecological identity by rationalization relies much more on outcomes of biodiversity conservation. In addition to rationalization strategy, proximization strategy is the second most frequently adopted discursive strategy. Among the three dimensions of proximization, spatial proximization is the most dominant one while temporal and axiological proximization are almost the same in frequency. Compared with rationalization and proximization, authorization and moralization also make some contributions to the justification of ecological identity even if they are the least frequently employed discursive strategies in the news reports on biodiversity. In term of authorization, personal authorization accounts for a higher proportion than impersonal authorization, enhancing the impressiveness and affinity of biodiversity conservation while ensuring the authority and reliability of source of biodiversity conservation information.

In light of the pressing environmental issue of biodiversity loss, the findings of this study have some implications for revealing the dominant biodiversity practices and justifying the existing conservation efforts for biodiversity loss. It is expected that news media can balance the coverage of different ecological identity of biodiversity conservation and adopt specific linguistic strategies to strengthen the conservation endeavor so that readers’ awareness of biodiversity loss and cognition of importance of biodiversity conservation could be improved.