1953年初，艾森豪威尔总统提名查尔斯·波伦出任美国驻苏大使一职引发巨大争议，最终历时一个月之久才获得通过。本文对围绕查尔斯·波伦驻苏大使任命案所引发的争论进行了梳理，并分析了这场争论的起因、争议的内容、性质以及特点等问题，对这一任命案之争进行了较为深入的探究。 本文第一部分分析了艾森豪威尔政府任命查尔斯·波伦的缘起，这主要由于1952年乔治·凯南被苏联禁止入境导致美国驻苏大使一职长期空缺所致，接着分析了查尔斯·波伦的外交履历以及艾森豪威尔与查尔斯·波伦的关系，从而说明艾森豪威尔选择后者出任驻苏大使的原因所在。 第二部分是介绍了查尔斯·波伦任命案之争的第一阶段，在听证会上，双方就如何评价《雅尔塔协定》、富兰克林·罗斯福总统是否把中国的主权出卖给了苏联等问题进行了唇枪舌剑的交锋，看似简单的任命案，其实一波三折。 第三部分记述了这次提名争论的第二阶段，反对者们开始将攻击的矛头指向查尔斯·波伦是否忠实可靠，这是这次争论升级的一个标志，麦卡锡及其追随者开始登场。 第四部分描述的是争论的第三阶段，麦卡锡为首的反对者们为了阻碍查尔斯·波伦任命的通过并彰显自己的影响力，开始把抨击的矛头指向艾森豪威尔政府，对该政府的可信度提出质疑，最终惨败而归，查尔斯·波伦获得了驻苏大使的提名。 围绕查尔斯·波伦任命案所产生的争论在一定程度上是总统与国会外交权之争的延续。从关于这一任命案的争论中，我们可以看出，在冷战时期特殊的政治氛围下，意识形态因素不仅影响着美苏之间的关系，也在一定程度上影响着美国的国内政治氛围。

In early 1953, Charles Bohlen was nominated as the U.S. ambassador to Soviet Union by President Eisenhower. However, owing to the great controversy caused by it, Congress did not approve this nomination until one month later. To better understand this event, the debates over Bohlen’s nomination are clarified in this paper, and the causes, the content of the dispute, nature and features of it illustrated. This thesis is divided into five parts. In the first part, I have analyzed the cause of this nomination. The reason why Bohlen was appointed was the long-term vacancy for the U.S. ambassador to Soviet Union. And then I made a careful analysis of Bohlen’s diplomatic records and the relationship between him and the President. The first stage of these debates is illustrated in the second part. At the hearing, the two sides niggled over every little detail of questions like “how to evaluate the Yalta Agreement”, “whether President Roosevelt had sold China to Russia” and so on. Chapter 3 focuses on the second stage of these debates. Opponents began to question Bohlen’s loyalty to America, which actually marked the dispute escalation. At the same time, McCarthy and his followers were rapidly gaining ground. The third phase of the dispute is explained in the fourth section. During this period, in order to expand their influence, opponents headed by McCarthy started to challenge the credibility of President Eisenhower. But, as we know, they were heavily defeated and Bohlen finally became the new U.S. ambassador to Soviet Union. In brief, the debate over Bohlen’s nomination is the continuation of the diplomatic power struggle between the President and Congress to a certain extent. From the debate over Bohlen’s nomination, we can draw a conclusion that under the special political environment during the cold war, ideological factors affects not only the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union, but also the domestic political atmosphere of America to some extent.