在政治思想史上，托马斯·霍布斯的利维坦以其堪称可怖的权能著称。这一拥有巨力的国家机器绝非某种完美的存在，自其诞生之日至今，与之相关的争论仍然是政治哲学领域的热议话题。霍布斯如何在思想中建构出利维坦，将权力转化为权威？本文以经霍布斯改造后的理性概念为始点，分析利维坦的权威的建构过程：利维坦以理性的逻辑形成自身的力量与权威，但这种理性本质上是根据利益最大化原则的计算结果，其源头极具私人性——致命危机正隐含于此。以缺乏内在价值的理性所指示的方法建构起来的利维坦，其内部缺乏一种真正的“精神”，因而无法确保公民的内在认同，这便是“利维坦的道德困境”——国家道德正当性的缺失。这种缺失又必然会导向“利维坦的力量困境”：工具化的理性无法彻底驯服人的激情，人性中的骄傲，使人不会真正地服从于纯粹的机械或系统；一旦其他激情压倒了恐惧，利维坦的力量之源就有被瓦解的危险。霍布斯的政治哲学之局限性，同时也是现代政治哲学之局限的一个缩影，唯有超出其本身的视野，真正的反思与进路的探寻才得以可能。

In the history of political thought, Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan is known for its fearsome powers. Far from being some kind of perfect being, this state apparatus of immense power has been a hot topic of debate in political philosophy from the day of its creation to the present day. How does Hobbes construct Leviathan in his thought, transforming power into authority? This paper analyses the construction of Leviathan's authority starting from the concept of rationality transformed by Hobbes: Leviathan develops his power and authority by the logic of reason, but the essence of this reason is the result of calculations based on the principle of maximising profit, and its source is an extremely private concept of rationality, where the fatal crisis is implied.

The lack of a true "spirit" within Leviathan, constructed by methods dictated by a rationality devoid of intrinsic value, and thus unable to ensure the intrinsic identity of its citizens, is the "moral dilemma of Leviathan" - the lack of moral legitimacy of the State. This is the "moral dilemma of Leviathan" - the lack of moral legitimacy of the state. This failure leads to the Leviathan's dilemma of power: instrumental reason is unable to completely tame human passions, and human pride prevents human beings from truly submitting to a purely mechanical or systematic approach; once other passions overwhelm fear, the Leviathan's source of power is in danger of being dismantled. The limitations of Hobbes's political philosophy are at the same time a microcosm of the limitations of modern political philosophy, and it is only by going beyond its own horizons that true reflection and the search for a way in can be possible.