定义后现代之前先要厘清后现代与现代之间的关系。由于断代无法避免，后现代既是一种断裂又是一种连续，詹姆逊选择采取马克思主义的立场，将后现代看做是晚期资本主义的文化逻辑。后现代以来的两种意识形态危机：意识形态终结论和历史终结论，既是拒斥宏大叙事和乌托邦的宣言，也是批判马克思主义意识形态的宣言，还是后现代主义谋求脱离现代主义的表征。在这种大背景下，詹姆逊受到六十年美国激进主义思潮的影响，开启了从萨特开始的马克思主义重建，形成了以叙事为核心的文化批判。

詹姆逊的意识形态分析理论可以等同于文本阐释理论。他对意识形态一词进行词性转换，针对意识形态的基本功能，发明了一种重新思考产生意识形态问题的框架，总结了七种马克思主义的意识形态模式。詹姆逊将意识形态分析方法运用于政治无意识和乌托邦实践，指出“政治无意识”就是要挖掘文本背后被压抑的叙事，并勾勒出这种模式中文本阐释的三层视域；乌托邦实践就在于恢复乌托邦的美学功能，激发其想象未来的能力，以及通过认知测绘再现主体在后现代空间中的能力。可以说，政治无意识和乌托邦实践共同构成了其马克思主义阐释学中否定的阐释学和肯定的阐释学两种取向。

詹姆逊的意识形态理论主要有三个理论来源。詹姆逊的直接理论来源不是传统马克思主义，但他试图在后现代视野中恢复传统马克思主义的概念，比如生产方式的概念和阶级的概念。他从萨特、卢卡奇和阿尔都塞的思想中汲取关于阐释理论的总体性，尝试进行不可能完全再现的“再现”。詹姆逊还从精神分析学派汲取养料，弗洛伊德的无意识理论是阐释“政治无意识”的关键符码，拉康的实在界是化约阿尔都塞意识形态理论和历史视域的重要步骤，

不过，詹姆逊试图调和马克思主义与后结构主义的态度使他招致不少批评，坚持辩证法和历史性的结果是理论的拼贴感与折衷主义，并消解了马克思主义立场。但我们仍需要客观评价詹姆逊的这种调和，并将它视为马克思主义在后现代中谋求有效性的有益尝试。

Before defining postmodernism, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between postmodernism and modernism. Since periodization cannot be avoided, postmodernism is a break and also continuity.Fredric Jameson chooses to adopt a Marxist position and regards postmodernism as the cultural logic of late capitalism. Moreover, there are two ideological crises since the postmodern era: the end of ideology and the end of history, which are both manifestos of the rejection of grand narratives and utopias, the critique of Marxist ideology, and the symptom of postmodernism demands to get away from modernism. Against this backdrop, Jameson, influenced by 60s American radical thinking, initiated a Marxist reconstruction that began with Sartre and developed a cultural critique centered on narrative.

Fredric Jameson's theory of ideological analysis can be equated with the theory of textual interpretation. He transforms the term ideology, addresses the basic functions of ideology, invents a framework for rethinking the problem of generating ideology, and summarizes seven Marxist models of ideology. Jameson applies ideological analysis to the political unconscious and utopian practice, pointing out that the "political unconscious" is about uncovering the repressed narratives behind the texts and outlining the three horizons of textual interpretation in this model. cognitive mapping is the ability to reproduce the subject in the postmodern space. It can be said that the political unconscious and utopian practice together constitute the two orientations of his Marxist hermeneutics, the negative hermeneutics, and the positive hermeneutics.

Fredric Jameson's theory of ideology has three main theoretical sources. Though the immediate sources are not traditional Marxism, he tries to refresh traditional Marxist concepts, such as the concept of mode of production and the concept of class, from a postmodernist perspective. He draws on the ideas of Sartre, Lukács, and Althusser regarding the totality of hermeneutic theory, attempting a "representation" that is impossible to reproduce completely. Jameson also draws from the psychoanalysis, where Freud's theory of the unconscious is a key symbol for the interpretation of the "political unconscious," and Lacan's realm of the real is an important step in the translation of Althusser's ideological theory and historical perspective.

However, Jameson's attempts to reconcile Marxism and post-structuralism have attracted much criticism, and his insistence on dialectic and historicity has resulted in a collage of theories and eclecticism, and has dissolved the Marxist position. Still, we need to objectively evaluate this reconciliation by Jameson and see it as a useful attempt to seek the validity of Marxism in the postmodern.