引用频次作为文献计量的重要指标，不仅可以反映科研工作者使用文献的情况，也可以反映被引文献在科技发展与交流中所处的地位和作用；网络时代的产物——替代计量指标，可以反映在线学术交流情况。因此，探讨替代计量指标与引用频次之间的关系，对于相关理论研究以及科研管理和知识普及具有重要意义。通过研究，可以明确替代计量的学术价值，可以对高被引文献进行早期识别并为高质量文章推送提供借鉴，可以揭示知识在传播和获取过程中对利用的影响。 本文在文献调研和网站调研的基础上，选取传统计量指标和网络计量指标共12个，并在web of science和Altmetric.com平台上获取相关数据，同时对数据进行整理与分析。将引用频次分为传统引用和网络引用，利用负二项回归，分析并比较各替代计量指标对两种引用的影响关系；采用ROC曲线分析各计量指标对传统高被引文献和网络高被引文献的识别能力；将引用频次作为反映文献利用的计量指标，利用结构方程模型分析知识的传播、获取对其利用的直接影响与间接影响。此外，为了解研究的适用性，本文对包括图书情报领域在内的八个学科进行了对比分析。 研究发现，替代计量指标与传统计量指标间具有一定的相关性，同时存在结构分层。回归分析结果表明，多数社交媒体对应的指标对传统引用具有显著正向作用，对网络引用具有显著负向作用；在识别高被引文献方面，替代计量指标对高被引文献具有早期识别力，其中Mendeley阅读数对传统高被引文献的识别能力最强，本文新提出的替代计量指标可见度，不仅对传统高被引具有较早识别力，对网络高被引也具有较早的识别力；在分析网络环境下传播、获取对利用的影响时发现，传播对利用的直接影响和总影响均高于获取，传播对利用的影响主要是直接影响。通过比较八个学科中替代计量指标与引用频次的关系发现，各学科间存在差异性，但Mendeley阅读数与可见度具有一定的普遍适用性。

As an important index of bibliometrics, citation frequency can not only reflect the use of documents by scientific researchers, but also reflect the status and role of cited documents in the development and communication of science and technology. Altmetrics is the product of the network era, which can reflect the situation of online academic exchanges. Therefore, it is very important to discuss the relationship between Altmetrics and Citation for the correlatively theoretical research and scientific research management and knowledge popularization. Through the research, we can reveal the academic value of Altmetrics. Meanwhile, we can see whether Altmetrics have the ability to identify highly cited documents at an early time, which can provide reference for high quality articles. At the same time, we can reveal the influence of knowledge communication and acquisition on utilization. This paper takes library and information field as the main research field. Based on literature research and website research, a total of 12 traditional and network measurement indexes are selected. Meanwhile, we obtain the relevant data from the web of science and Altmetric.com platform, and collate and analyze the data. We analyze and compare the impact of each Altmetrics index on the Citation, which contains traditional citation and web citation, using the negative binomial regression method. Moreover, we analyze the recognition ability of each measurement index on the conventional cited document and the highly cited literature on web by using the ROC curves. In order to analyze the direct and indirect impact of communication and acquisition on the utilization, we use structural equation model to achieve this. In addition, in order to understand the usefulness of the research, this paper also makes a comparative analysis of seven other disciplines. It is found that these metric indexes have a certain relevance and structural stratification between Altmetrics and traditional measurement indicators. The results of regression analysis show that most of the corresponding to social media have a significant positive influence on traditional citation and a significant negative effect on network citation. In addition, in identifying highly cited documents, Altmetrics indexes have early recognition ability for highly cited documents. The Reading number of Mendeley has the strongest ability to identify traditional highly cited documents. The new alternative measurement index Visibility proposed in this paper not only has early recognition ability for traditional high citation, but also has early recognition ability for network high citation. When analyzing the impact of communication and acquisition on utilization under the network environment, it is found that the direct and total impact of acquisition on communication is higher than that of utilization, and the main impact of communication on utilization is direct impact. By comparing the relationship between Altmetrics and citation frequency in eight disciplines, it is found that there are some differences among disciplines, but the reading number of Mendeley and visibility have certain universal applicability.