在社会长期稳定、经济快速发展的今天，人口、科技、资源等要素不可或缺，但社会成员具有较高水平的成就动机也非常关键。成就动机是人类决策的核心组成部分。大学生作为即将踏入社会，为推动其发展、实现现代化的重要新生力量，成就动机的高低对于国家发展具有重要作用。因此，探究大学生成就动机的特点、形成的影响因素以及这些因素背后的机制有着重要的理论和现实意义。

鉴于早期生活中的不良经历对整个生涯过程的强大影响，我们有必要了解童年逆境经历对成就动机的影响机制。生态系统理论告诉我们父母教养方式对于个体成长和适应环境的发展过程中的重要意义。

综上所述，本研究通过对中国多所高校234名大学生进行问卷研究调查，探索童年逆境经历对大学生成就动机的影响，并探究父母教养方式各个维度在影响机制中的调节作用。结果表明：

(1)大学生成就动机具有性别差异，男生成就动机高于女生；

(2)从直接效应上讲，童年逆境经历对大学生成就动机具有显著的负向预测作用；

(3)父母教养方式与童年逆境经历在与成就动机的关系中具有互相替代作用。

研究结果有助于从环境角度，进一步揭示童年逆境经历影响成就动机的机制，进一步完善个体发展影响因素方面的研究，并能够为父母教养孩子方式方法提供一定的实践参考。

Currently, with the long-term social stability and rapid economic development, population, science and technology, resources and other factors are indispensable, but it is also worried for social members to have a high level of achievement motivation. Achievement motivation is a core component of human decision-making. College students, who are about to step into society, are important new forces to promote their development and realize modernization. The level of achievement motivation plays an important role in national development. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the characteristics of college students' achievement motivation, the influencing factors and the mechanism behind these factors.

Given the powerful influence of adverse experiences in early life on the whole course of life, it is necessary to understand the mechanism by which adverse experiences in childhood influence achievement motivation. Ecosystem theory tells us the importance of parenting style to the developmental process of individual growth and adaptation to the environment.

In conclusion, this study conducted a questionnaire survey on 234 college students from several universities in China to explore the influence of childhood adversity experiences on college students' achievement motivation and explore the moderating effects of various dimensions of parenting styles on the influencing mechanism. The results show that:

The achievement motivation of college students has gender difference and

the achievement motivation of male students is higher than that of female students.

From the direct effect, childhood adversity experience has a significant negative predictive effect on the achievement motivation of college students;

Parental rearing style and childhood adversity experience are mutually substitutive in relation to achievement motivation.

The results of this study are helpful to further reveal the mechanism of childhood adversity affecting achievement motivation from the perspective of environment, further improve the research on the influencing factors of individual development, and provide a certain practical reference for parents to raise children.