作为人类活动引起的全球环境变化之一，土地利用和土地覆被变化(LUCC)显著改变了地球表面，并通过生物地球化学循环和生物地球物理过程对全球和区域气候变化以及碳循环产生了显著影响，在区域和全球范围内重建历史土地利用和土地覆被变化是土地利用和土地覆被变化研究的核心任务。本研究中，我们利用耕地面积、人口、粮食消费量、粮食单位面积产量、城镇等历史数据，重建了1000-2000年间帝俄/苏联欧洲部分(以下简称为“俄国欧洲部分”)区域尺度14个时间断面和省级尺度4个时间断面的耕地面积。主要结果如下：(1)1000-2000年，俄国欧洲部分的耕地总面积从3.89×10⁴ km² 增加到 135.69×10⁴ km²，垦殖率从2.55%增加到27.14%，人均耕地面积从2.59 ha下降到0.75 ha。(2)俄国欧洲部分的耕地集中分布区先由南部变为中部，而后又扩张至黑土区、伏尔加河周边地区、乌克兰区域、新俄罗斯地区、乌拉尔附近地区和北高加索地区。(3)领土变化、人口增长与迁移、农业发展与国内外贸易政策以及气候变化是1000-2000年间俄国欧洲部分耕地变化的原因。(4) 1914年，各省耕地面积为0.16×10⁴ km²～5.65×10⁴ km²之间，垦殖率在0.76%～76.68%之间。(5)本研究对于1000-2000年俄国欧洲部分耕地面积的重建结果高于HYDE 3.2数据集的相应数值，原因可能是HYDE 3.2数据集低估了俄国欧洲部分的人均耕地面积。

As one of the global environmental changes caused by anthropogenic activities, land use/cover change (LUCC) has significantly changed the earth's surface, and has a significant impact on global and regional climate change and carbon cycle through biogeochemical cycles and biogeophysical processes. Reconstruction of historical land use/cover change is the core task of land use/cover change research at regional and global levels. In this study, we reconstructed cropland areas of 14 time sections at regional level and 4 time sections at provincial level within the European part of Russian Empire / Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (ER) over the periods of 1000-2000 using historical data, including cropland area, population, grain consumption, grain yield per unit area, and town. The main results are as follows. (1) Total cropland areas of ER during 1000-2000 increased from 3.89×10⁴ km² to 135.69×10⁴ km², fractional cropland areas of ER increased from 2.25% to 27.14%. The per capita cropland area decreased from 2.59 ha to 0.75ha during 1000-2000. (2) The concentrated distribution area of cropland changed from the south to the central of ER, then cropland expanded from the central of ER to the black soil region, surrounding area of the Volga River, Ukraine region, the new Russia region, the vicinity of Ural, and north Caucasus region in the period of 1000-2000. (3) The change of territory, increase and migration of population, policies related to agricultural development and domestic and foreign trade, and the impacts of climate change were the reasons for the changes in cropland within ER from 1000 to 2000. (4) In 1914 AD, the cropland area and fractional cropland area of each province varied from 0.16×10⁴ km² and 0.76% to 5.65×10⁴ km² and 76.68%, respectively. (5) The comparisons show that the cropland areas of ER in this study for 1000-2000 are higher than those in the HYDE 3.2 dataset. The main reason for this finding might be the underestimation of per capita cropland areas in the HYDE 3.2 dataset.