学生的学习适应性是对学生学业成就、身心健康等整体发展影响重大的基本要素，近年来随着中、高考改革的推进以及学生核心素养的培养需求，初中生在改革的时期将面临更加巨大的挑战，同时，家庭是初中生成长的重要环境，父母的教养方式又在很大程度上影响学生的学习适应性。 本研究以B学校257名初中生3次参与测试的学生为研究对象，通过学习适应性量表（AAT）及父母教养方式量表（PBI）测量，在揭示两个年级学生学习适应性及父母教养方式总体特征的基础上，结合访谈资料分析了影响学生学习适应性四维度的相关因素。通过对研究结果的分析与讨论，本研究得出以下结论： 1.B学校学生学习适应性总体表现一般，并随着时间的推移有所下降。学习态度及学习技术两个维度适应性较低的学生比例较高，具体来看,独立性、读书及记笔记的方法等维度适应性较低。从时间维度来看，三次测试结果无显著差异。 2.学生学习适应性具有显著的个体差异，不同性别、年级的学生学习适应性差异显著，女生优于男生、低年级优于高年级；学生的在家学习时间、睡眠时间、学习方式、原因归属以及要求水准显著地影响学生学习适应性。 3.父母教养方式对学生的学习适应性有中等程度的影响。母亲的最高学历以及母亲的关爱对学生的学习适应性具有显著的直接作用。母亲的最高学历以及父母教养方式中的母亲的关爱对学生的学习适应性总体有显著的正向预测作用。父母教养类型中适宜型的父母教养方式类型更有利于学生学习适应性的提高。 4.学生的性别对父母教养方式与学生学习适应性的关系具有显著调节作用。父母对女生更多地采用关爱式的教养方式，女生的学习适应性更容易受到父母教养方式的影响。 最后，本研究提出建立个人档案，制定阶段方案；进行学法指导，改善学习方法和注重教养方式，家校协同培养等建议。

The students' learning adaptability is the basic elements of students' academic achievement, physical and mental health of the overall development. In recent years, with the development of the college entrance examination reform and cultivate students' literacy of core requirements, junior middle school students in the period of reform will face more challenges, at the same time, the family is one of the important environment, growth in junior high school students parental style and to a large extent influence the students' learning adaptability. This study, 257 junior middle school students to participate in the test three times with B school students as the research object, in two grade students learning adaptability and parental style , on the basis of general characteristics, combined with the interview data analysis of the four dimensions of influencing students' learning adaptability of related factors, and by building regression model to explore the ways of parents teaching on students' learning adaptability of direct prediction effect, at the same time analyses the gender can adjust whether parental style affect students learning adaptability. Through the analysis and discussion of the research results, the following conclusions are drawn: 1.The overall performance of students in school B was general and decreased over time. Learning attitude and learning technology have a higher proportion of students with lower adaptability. In particular, independence, reading and note-taking methods have lower adaptability. In terms of time dimension, students' learning adaptability gradually decreased over time, and there was no significant difference in the three tests. 2. Students' learning adaptability has significant individual differences. Students of different genders and grades have significant differences in learning adaptability, and girls are superior to boys and lower grades. The students' learning time, sleeping time, learning style, attribution and requirement level significantly affect the students' learning adaptability. 3. The parenting style has a moderate impact on students' learning adaptability. The mother's highest education and the mother's care have a significant direct effect on students' learning adaptability. The mother's highest educational background and maternal care in parenting style have a significant positive predictive effect on students' learning adaptability. The type of parenting style is more conducive to the improvement of students' learning adaptability. 4. Students' gender has a significant regulating effect on parental rearing patterns and students' learning adaptability. Parents are more likely to adopt a caring parenting style, and girls' learning adaptability is more influenced by their parenting style. Finally, this study proposes the establishment of personal archives and the formulation of the phase plan; Carry out the instruction, improve the method of study and pay attention to the way of education, the suggestion of the cooperative cultivation of the school.