地下水污染风险评价是开展地下水污染防治问题工作的重要前提和基础。为了实现新的突破，必须在地下水污染风险评价基础上利用经济杠杆作用才能更好进行地下水环境保护管理。由于松花江吉林段是以松花江为主要供水水源，抗风险条件差，而丰富的地下水资源可以在应急供水中发挥主导作用。区内长期形成的以重工业为主的产业结构，在生产过程中资源消耗量大，污染物产生量多，且生产技术落后、资源能源利用率低的状况在短时间内难以改善。因此通过流域产业调整优化研究，降低地下水污染风险进行产业生态化建设，提出区域开发适宜的产业发展模式，最终实现资源、环境与经济的协调可持续发展具有重要意义。本论文以松花江吉林段沿岸浅层地下水为研究对象，基于迭置指数法对区域地下水污染风险评价，通过识别区域地下水污染高风险分布范围和主要污染源，揭示产业结构与地下水污染的作用机理，从产业经济角度提出地下水污染防治措施。研究结果表明：（1）研究区地下水污染特征研究区内地下水污染源按照来源可分为工业污染源、农业污染源和生活污染源。按照形状特征分为点状污染源（工业、生活排污口、工业固体废物和生活垃圾及粪便）、线状污染源（九站明渠）和面状污染源（水田、旱田和菜地上的化肥和农药）。按照化学类型可分为COD、NO3-N、NH4-N、TFe和Mn、氟化物、溶解性总固体、SO42-、Al、重金属（Hg、Zn和Cr）、有机物（挥发酚、苯并[a]芘、四氯化碳、苯、氯苯）等。（2）地下水污染风险评价结果研究区内地下水污染风险中等程度以下的区域占总面积的67.61%，说明地下水受污染可能性总体偏低。地下水污染风险较高和高区占总面积32.39%。其中工业点源（排污口）、线源（九站明渠）和面源（工业场地）的污染荷载是地下水污染风险高区最主要的影响因素。不同地区的地下水污染风险较高的关键影响因素不同，如：在九站区一阶阶地、牤牛河南岸、江北（西）的孤家子附近和金珠区一阶阶地的关键影响因素是地下水功能，牤牛河南、江北（西）的孤家子和八家子以及金珠区二阶阶地的关键影响因素是地下水本质脆弱性。采用级别差方法验证地下水污染风险评价结果的可靠性，地下水污染风险评价结果合理的面积占研究区面积的64.5%，采样点在评价结果合理区内的个数占总采样点的70.8%，说明本次研究采用的地下水污染风险评价方法合理，适用性强。（3）地下水总价值和地下水污染经济损失地下水资源总价值由资源性底价及资源补偿价构成，其中资源性底价为2.4048×108元，资源补偿价为0.3035×108元，地下水资源总价值为2.7083×108元。根据“浓度-价值曲线”计算污染物损失率为77.29%，地下水污染造成的直接经济损失为2.0932×108元，造成的总经济损失为11.5126×108元。（4）基于产业经济视角的地下水污染风险控制经济增长与污染排放是经济和社会发展密不可分、相互制约的两个方面。经济增长过程中排放的废水超过地下水容量时会导致经济环境系统处于高风险状态。通过调整产业结构和效率改进，可促进整个经济环境系统处于低风险的状态。不同的产业具有不同的污染特征。根据废水污染强度（元/万元）指标，将不同行业划分为高污染强度型、较高污染强度型、较低污染强度型和低污染强度型四大类。具有高污染强度特征的产业以耗水量大的化工类产业为主；具有较高污染强度特征的产业比较分散，包括化工类产业、耗水量大的轻工类产业和治理难度大的装备制造业；具有低污染强度特征及较低污染强度特征的产业，多为产业链较短、不依赖其他原材料的产业。吉林市的产业经济特征体现在产业资源依赖特征突出、重化工产业主导特色明显、产业技术水平相对较低和产业空间差异性显著。基于地下水污染与产业经济关系分析以及吉林市产业经济特征分析可知，产业结构特征是地下水污染风险形成的重要根源，加大不同类型行业的结构调整力度、促进各工业行业的效率改进与提高，大力推进公共平台与基础设施建设是基于地下水污染风险控制的产业结构调整的关键举措。地下水污染防治关键在于实施差别化的结构政策，针对不同地区、不同产业的差异性结构调整政策因地制宜，具体问题具体分析。

Groundwater pollution risk assessment is the premise and foundation of groundwater pollution prevention and control. In order to make new breakthrough, groundwater pollution risk assessment should be combined with economic analysis to carry on environmental protection and management of groundwater. In Jilin city, the Songhua River, as the main source of water supply, has poor risk condition. The groundwater resources can play a leading role in emergency water supply. Industrial structure was gradually formed to be heavy industry –oriented in the study area. It’s hard to improve the current condition of large consumption of resources, much discharge of pollutants, backward production technology and low utilization of resource in a short period of time. Therefore, it’s significant to reduce the risk of groundwater pollution to carry on ecological construction, develop the appropriate industry development model and eventally realize the the balance and sustainable development of resources, environment and economy on the base of industrial adjustment optimization study. The paper adopts overlay index method to assess groundwater pollution risk on the contition of taking shallow groundwater as the research object. And then, the mechanism of the industrial structure and groundwater pollution is revealed by identifying high level of groundwater pollution risk and main pollution sources. Finally, the measures of groundwater pollution control are put forward from the perspective of industrial economics.The study resulsts demonstrated:(1) Groundwater pollution characteristicsAccording to source, the groundwater pollution sources in the study area can be classified into industrial, agricultural and domestic ones. According to the shape of pollution source, the groundwater pollution point (industrial and living sewage outlets, industrial solid waste and domestic garbage), linear (open channel of Jiuzhan station) and regional sources (paddy field, dry field and vegetable field) caused groundwater pollution. According to the chemical types of groundwater pollution, COD, NO3-N, NH4-N, TFe, Mn, fluoride, total soluble solids, SO42-, Al, heavy metals (Hg, zinc and Cr), organic matter (volatile phenol and benzene and [a] pyrene, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, chlorobenzene) appeared in the groundwater.(2) Results of groundwater pollution risk assessmentThe possibility of groundwater pollution was low because the area where was less than medium groundwater pollution risk accounted for 67.61% of the study area. By contrast, relatively high and high level of groundwater pollution risk accounted for 32.39% of the study area. The pollution loads of industrial point sources (drain outlets), line source (open channel of Jiuzhan station) and non-point source (industrial areas) were responsible for the distribution of relatively high and high groundwater pollution risk. Different regions had various influcing factors of high groundwater pollution risk. Groundwater function controlled the risk in the area of first terrace of Jiuzhan station, south bank of Mangniu River, the vicinity of Jiangbei (west) and first terrace of Jinzhu region while the critical factor in the area of south of Mangniu River, Gujiazi and Bajiazi and second terrace of Jinzhu region was intrinsic groundwater vulnerability.Based on level difference method, the reasonable area of groundwater pollution risk accounted for 64.45% of the study area. Besides, 70.8% of sampling points were located in the reasonable area of groundwater pollution risk assessment. Overall, the assessment method of groundwater pollution risk was applicable to the study area.(3) Total value of groundwater and economic loss of groundwater pollutionTotal value of groundwater (2.7083×108 RMB) is composed of resource base price (2.4048×108 RMB) and resource compensation (0.3035×108 RMB). According to the "concentration - value curve", the loss rate pollutants was 77.29% and the direct economic loss caused by groundwater pollution was upto 2.0932×108 RMB. Meanwhile, the total economic loss caused by groundwater pollution was 11.5126 ×108 RMB.(4) Groundwter pollution risk control from industrially economic perspectiveEconomic growth and pollution emissions are inseparable and mutually constrained in the economic and social development. Economic environment system will be in a state of high risk when discharge of waste water in the process of economic growth exceeded the capacity of groundwater. Adjusting the industrial structure and improving the efficiency can promote the whole economic environment system in the condition of low risk. Different industries have different pollution characteristics. According to the value of pollution intensity of waste water (RMB yuan/ten thousand), different industries were respectively divided into high, higher, lower, and low pollution intensity. Chemical industry with huge water consumption mainly dominated industries with high pollution intensity characteristic. The industries with higher pollution intensity distributed dispersedly, including chemical industry, light industry industry of high water consumption and equipment manufacturing industry characterized by difficult governance. The industries with low and lower pollution intensity were characterized by short industrial chain and being independent of other raw materials. Industrial economy features of Jilin city included prominent characteristic of relying on sources, heavy chemical industry-dominanted, relatively low industry technical level and the significant industrial spatial difference. Overall, the formation of groundwater pollution risk origined from characteristics of industrial structure. Intensifying industry structure of different industrials, promoting the industry's efficiency and vigorously advancing for building of public platform and infrastructure are key measures of adjusting industrial structure based on the groundwater pollution risk. The key of groundwater pollution control is implementation of differential policy, according to different adjustment policy of industry structure in various areas.