由于我国深受传统思想的影响，自古以来对“性”相关的问题一贯的态度是保持缄默。然而近年来，随着经济文化的不断发展进步，儿童受到性侵害的案件频频爆出，保护儿童性健康安全的重要性日益显露。预防儿童性侵犯是一个庞大的操作系统，离不开多方配合与努力，尤其是要发挥家庭在预防儿童性侵害中的作用。

本研究在知信行理论的指导下，对江苏省A学校3-6年级学生及其家长开展问卷调查。运用量化方法分析家长教育相关层面三个变量的现状，即家长预防儿童性侵犯教育的认知现状、实践现状、态度现状；以及儿童防性侵应对能力两个维度的现状，即预防性侵犯的认知情况与技能掌握情况；并着重分析了家长预防儿童性侵犯教育与儿童预防性侵犯应对能力之间的关系。

通过问卷调查，取得共计286份有效样本。数据分析结果表明：（1）儿童性别与家长预防儿童性侵犯教育的认知显著相关，其中女孩的家长关于儿童防性侵教育的认知得分情况更高。家长年龄、家长角色、教育水平、婚姻状况、家庭经济水平、户口、儿童年级与家长预防儿童性侵犯教育的认知无显著相关；（2）家长年龄、儿童性别、儿童年级与家长预防儿童性侵犯教育的实践显著相关，其中36-40岁年龄段的家长关于儿童防性侵教育的实践得分更高，女孩的家长关于预防儿童性侵犯教育实践的得分更高，高年级的家长关于预防儿童性侵犯的实践得分更高；（3）家长角色、儿童性别与家长预防儿童性侵犯教育的态度得分显著相关，其中母亲的预防儿童性侵犯的态度得分更高，女孩的家长预防儿童性侵犯教育的态度得分更高；（4）家长教育水平、儿童年级与儿童防性侵应对能力得分显著相关，其中家长的教育水平越高，儿童防性侵应对能力得分越高；儿童的年级越高，其防性侵应对能力得分越高；（5）家长预防儿童性侵犯教育的认知与实践显著正相关（ρ=0.152，p<0.05），即家长关于儿童防性侵教育的认知得分越高，其实践得分越高；（6）家长预防儿童性侵犯教育的实践得分与儿童防性侵应对能力显著正相关（ρ=0.170，p<0.01），即家长关于儿童防性侵教育的实践得分越高，儿童防性侵应对能力得分越高；（7）家长预防儿童性侵犯教育的态度得分与儿童防性侵应对能力显著正相关（ρ=0.152，p<0.05），即家长关于儿童防性侵教育的态度得分越高，儿童防性侵应对能力得分越高。

根据研究结果，对社会工作干预儿童性侵犯问题提出以下几点建议：（1）提升家长预防儿童性侵犯教育的认知；（2）改善家长预防儿童性侵犯教育的态度；（3）促进家长预防儿童性侵犯教育实践的实施；（4）提高儿童防性侵应对能力。

Since our country is deeply influenced by traditional thinking, the consistent attitude towards "sex"-related issues since ancient times has been to remain silent. However, in recent years, with the continuous development and progress of economy and culture, cases of children being sexually assaulted have been frequently exposed, and the importance of protecting children's sexual health and safety has become increasingly apparent. Preventing child sexual assault is a huge operating system, and it is inseparable from the cooperation and efforts of multiple parties, especially the role of the family in preventing children from being sexually assaulted.

Under the guidance of theories such as knowledge, belief, behavior, etc., this study conducted a questionnaire survey of students in grades 3-6 of Jiangsu A school and their parents. Use quantitative methods to analyze the current status of three variables at the relevant level of parents, namely, the awareness, practice, and emotional attitudes of children’s sexual assault prevention education; and the current status of the two dimensions of children’s ability to prevent sexual assault, that is, the prevention of sexual assault. Cognitive situation and skills mastery; and focused on the analysis of the relationship between parents’ comprehensive scores on children’s sexual assault prevention education and children’s ability to cope with sexual assault prevention.

Through the questionnaire survey, a total of 286 valid data samples were obtained. The data analysis results show that: (1) The gender of children is significantly related to parents' cognition about children's sexual assault prevention education, and girls' parents have higher cognition scores about children's sexual assault education. (2) Parent’s age and child’s gender are significantly related to parents’ practice of child sexual assault prevention education. Parents of 36-40 years old have the highest scores for child’s sexual assault education practice, and girls’ parents’ education on child sexual assault prevention education Practice scores higher. (3) Parent role and gender of children are significantly related to the scores of parents’ attitudes towards children’s sexual assault prevention education. Among them, mothers have higher scores for children’s sexual assault prevention education attitudes, and girls’ parents score higher on children’s sexual assault prevention education. (4) Parents’ educational level, children’s grades and children’s sexual assault coping ability scores are significantly correlated. The higher the parent’s educational level, the higher the children’s sexual assault coping ability scores; the higher the children’s grades, the higher the children’s sexual assault coping ability scores. (5) Parents’ cognition and practice of children’s sexual assault prevention education are significantly positively correlated (ρ =0.152, p<0.05), that is, the higher the parents’ cognitive scores on children’s sexual assault education, the higher their practice scores. (6) Parents’ practice scores on children’s sexual assault prevention are significantly positively correlated with children’s ability to prevent sexual assault (ρ =0.170, p<0.01), that is, the higher the parents’ practice scores on children’s sexual assault prevention education, the The higher the score of sexual assault coping ability; (7) The score of parents' attitude towards children's sexual assault prevention is significantly positively correlated with the children's ability to prevent sexual assault (ρ =0.152, p<0.05), that is, parents' attitudes towards children's sexual assault prevention education The higher the score, the higher the child’s ability to cope with sexual assault.

Based on the research results, the following suggestions are put forward for social work intervention in the problem of child sexual assault: (1) Raise parents’ awareness of children’s sexual assault prevention education; (2) Improve parents’ attitudes to prevent children’s sexual assault education; (3) Promote parents’ implementation of child sexual assault prevention education practices; (4) Improve children’s response to sexual assault prevention.