近年来伴随新课程改革顺利落实，学界研究重点愈发聚焦于课堂教学环节本身。课堂小结作为教学环节的重要构成部分也愈发受到重视。初中道德与法治课课堂小结能够完善课堂整体，连接课堂内外，引导学生将所学知识运用于课外实践之中，不断提高课堂教学实效性。因此，如何充分发挥课堂小结功能是当前初中道德与法治课课堂小结的研究重点。

首先，从剖析课堂小结概念入手，明确课堂小结的构成要素及各要素间的逻辑关系，并从分析基础理论出发概括总结课堂小结的功能，为检测课堂小结方案设计是否有效提供评判依据。分析阐释课堂小结方案设计的原则，为方案设计奠定了一定科学基础，根据课堂小结选取方法随意性的问题，综合考量不同课程类型特点及教学方法对课堂小结的影响，为下文方案设计提供思路。其次，通过客观调查当前初中道德与法治课课堂小结的现状，分析总结了课堂小结的优点以及其所暴露出的问题。整理调查数据可知，目前课堂小结的问题主要集中于五个方面：时长把控不合理、方法选取随机性较强、课堂小结用语呈现形式化现象、活动方式简单机械化、对学生而言无吸引力。针对问题追溯成因，主要集中于两个方面：教师在主观层面对课堂小结认知有待提高；教师在实际教学中教学创新能力有待提升。在明确现有问题及成因的基础上进行优化课堂小结的方案设计，最终设计出绪论课学生自求式、练习课趣味巩固式、复习课归纳提升式、新授课悬念铺陈式、新授课扩展延伸式五个课堂小结方案。在教学中应用具有代表性的新授课课堂小结方案，并通过教学实验验证课堂小结方案的有效性与可操作性。

综合分析研究结果，本文认为课堂小结方案能够有效地帮助初中道德与法治课教师更好地开展课堂小结。课堂小结方案设计在教师备课、讲课以及课后反思等阶段都能够发挥积极作用。建议教师在未来教学中首先应该明确课堂小结的作用，在主观层面正视课堂小结。其次应该了解课堂小结的现状，面对课堂小结已经出现的问题在设计环节就予以规避。最后，教师应该对课堂小结进行创新研究，在综合考量多种因素的影响下设计课堂小结方案并将方案应用于教学实践中，以此不断提升初中道德与法治课课堂小结的教学效果。

In recent years, with the smooth implementation of the new curriculum reform,the academic research focuses more and more on the classroom teaching itself. As an important part of the teaching process, the class summary has been paid more and more attention. The summary of moral and rule of law class in junior high school can improve the whole class, connect the inside and outside of the class, guide students to apply the knowledge they have learned in extracurricular practice, and constantly improve the effectiveness of classroom teaching. Therefore, how to give full play to the function of the classroom summary is the focus of the current junior high school moral and rule of Law Classroom summary research.

This paper starts with the analysis of the concept of the class summary, clarifies the elements of the class summary and the logical relationship among the three, and summarizes the function of the class summary from the theoretical research, which provides a basis for the evaluation of the scheme design of the class summary. Secondly, through the objective investigation of the current situation of the moral and rule of law class summary in junior high school, this paper analyzes and summarizes the advantages of the summary and the problems it exposes. According to the survey data, the current problems of class summary are mainly focused on five aspects: unreasonable immediate and long-term control, strong randomness in method selection, formalization of class summary terms, simple and mechanized activity mode, and unappealing to students. To trace the causes of the problems exposed in the class summary, it mainly focuses on two aspects: first, some teachers need to improve their cognition of the class summary in the subjective level; second, some teachers need to improve their teaching innovation ability in the actual teaching. Then, on the basis of clarifying the existing problems and causes of the class summary, we optimize the program design of the class summary. This paper analyzes and explains the principles of the design of the scheme of the classroom summary, which lays a scientific foundation for the scheme design. According to the random problem of the selection method of the classroom summary, and comprehensively considers the characteristics of different curriculum types and the influence of teaching methods on the classroom summary, it finally designs the process of the selection method of the classroom summary, presenting the students' self-seeking classroom summary of the introduction class and the divergent interest of the exercise class There are five class summary schemes: class summary, review class summary, promotion class summary, new teaching suspense laying class summary and new teaching extended class summary. In the practice teaching, the representative new class summary scheme is applied, and the effectiveness and personality of the scheme are verified by the group post test experiment.

Based on the comprehensive analysis of the research results, this paper believes that the class summary program can effectively help junior middle school moral and rule of law teachers to better carry out the class summary. Summary scheme design can play an active role in Teachers' preparation, lecture and reflection after class. It is suggested that in the future teaching, teachers should first make clear the role of the class summary and face the class summary subjectively; secondly, teachers should understand the current situation of the class summary and avoid the existing problems in the design process; finally, teachers should carry out innovative research on the class summary. Under the influence of a variety of factors, teachers design and apply the scheme to teaching practice, so as to continuously improve the effect of the summary of moral and rule of law in junior high school.