对立违抗障碍(Oppositional Defiant disorder, ODD)是一种以愤怒/易激惹为情绪特点、以及争辩、报复或对抗等行为为典型特征的破坏性行为障碍。以往众多研究表明, 家庭与同伴因素是预测儿童对立违抗症状的重要因素。本研究的目的旨在探究家庭教养方式、同伴关系与儿童对立违抗症状的关系，并进一步探讨儿童情绪调节能力在其中所起的作用。 研究选择来自湖南省长沙市三所小学的705名学生作为被试，使用ODD症状量表、情绪调节问卷、简氏父母教养方式问卷、同伴提名问卷分别对儿童及其父母、同伴进行了问卷调查。通过为期1年的追踪研究，采用交叉滞后分析探讨了教养方式、同伴关系与儿童对立违抗症状之间的关系。 研究结果显示： (1)消极教养方式、同伴拒绝与儿童对立违抗症状显著正相关。积极教养方式、同伴接纳、情绪调节能力与儿童对立违抗症状显著负相关； (2)积极教养方式能显著负向预测儿童对立违抗症状、消极教养方式能显著正向预测儿童对立违抗症状；同伴接纳能显著负向预测儿童对立违抗症状、同伴拒绝能显著正向预测儿童对立违抗症状； (3)儿童情绪调节在教养方式与儿童对立违抗症状的关系中起着中介作用；儿童情绪调节在同伴关系与儿童对立违抗症状的关系中起着中介作用。 结论:研究结果揭示出教养方式、同伴关系可预测儿童的对立违抗症状，说明教养方式、同伴关系可能是儿童对立违抗症状的预测因素。在对有对立违抗症状的儿童进行干预时，不仅要考虑家庭教养方式，也要对儿童同伴关系和其他社会支持进行干预；此外，对立违抗儿童有着明显的情绪调节能力的缺失，儿童的情绪调节能力在教养方式、同伴关系对儿童对立违抗症状的关系均能起到中介作用。在今后的干预中，也应考虑提高儿童自身的情绪调节能力，为对立违抗儿童提供一些具体的情绪调节技能。

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is characterized by a pattern of noncompliant, argumentative, angry, hostile and defiant behavior. Previous studies indicated that family and peer factors affected ODD. The purpose of the current study was to explore the association of parenting style, peer relationship with ODD (oppositional defiant disorder) symptoms among children and the mediation role of children emotion regulation in this association． Totally, 604 children with ODD symptoms and their parents from 3 primary schools in Hunan province participated in in this 1-year longitudinal study．Measures of ODD symptoms questionnaire, s-EMBU, peer nomination, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were completed by children and their parents. The results showed that: (1)For children with ODD symptoms, positive parenting style and peer acceptance significantly negatively correlated with children ODD symptoms; However, negative parenting style and peer rejection significantly positively correlated with children ODD symptoms. (2)Furthermore, negative parenting style and peer rejection significantly predicted ODD symptoms of children, with children emotion regulation playing a significant mediation role in this prediction. (3)Children emotion regulation significantly moderated the relationship between parenting style and ODD symptoms among children with ODD symptoms．Children emotion regulation playing a significant mediation role in the relationship between peer relationship and ODD symptoms among children with ODD symptoms． We concluded that children′s ODD symptoms were predicted by both Parenting style and Peer Relationship. Results of the current study suggested that intervention programs for children with ODD symptoms should not only include training for their parents but should also their peers． Additionally，the study suggested the importance of increasing children’s emotion regulations and providing emotion regulation training for children with ODD symptoms.