在过去的二十年里，我国经济快速发展，在取得显著成绩的同时日益严重的环境问题伴随而来，这也引起了社会公众的广泛关注。严峻的环境问题必然会导致大量的环境污染纠纷，如果对这些环境污染纠纷处理不妥当，则会激发更多的社会矛盾，同时也会影响我们赖以生存的自然环境。因此，合理快速地解决环境污染纠纷对我国社会主义建设至关重要。如何有效地解决环境污染纠纷问题，一直是困扰我国法学界，特别是环境法学界的一大难题。学者们从各自的研究方向出发，开展了卓有成效的研究，取得了丰硕的成果，特别在环境公益诉讼方面成果显著。学者们从公益诉讼的类型、原告资格、诉讼程序等方面进行了深入的研究，发表了独到的见解，不过，鲜有学者对环境污染受害者的民事诉权保障进行研究。环境污染受害者在诉诸法院的过程中有很多障碍，其中包括来自法院和政府的压力。本文以司法实践的案例为视角，通过案例剖析现行环境污染受害者民事诉权保障的困境，主要集中在当事人行使诉权面临的困难（起诉难、举证难、质证难等）、法院在受理案件时的不当作为（法院不予受理、受理了不判决等）、地方政府施加的不利影响（政府制订政策干预公民诉权行使、政府缺乏对环境污染受害者诉权行使的重视、地方政府保护导致受害者胜诉判决执行效果不佳等）。在此基础上深入探究其困境的成因是：立法层面存在缺陷（立法存在空白且部分法律规定模糊、成文法传统制约法院通过制度创新解决环境纠纷）、制度方面存在局限（民事诉权制度缺乏相关保障、错案追究制致使法官的不作为、法律援助制度不完善）、以及其他一些因素的阻碍所致。要改变这一状况，必须要借鉴国外的相关理论和实践，结合我国的具体国情，提出解决我国环境污染受害者民事诉权保障困境的路径，在立法层面，完善相关法律法规、扩大环境污染受害者的起诉资格；在制度上，改革现有的司法体制、反思现有法官的追究责任制、完善我国的法律援助制度；在司法实践中，完善环保法庭和加强法律人的专业素质。

In the past twenty years, the rapid development of the national economy, has made the significant achievements in the increasingly accompanied by serious environmental problems, which also caused widespread concern in the public. Serious environmental problems will inevitably induce a lot of environmental disputes, if the disputes deal with inappropriate for environmental pollution, it will stimulate more social conflicts; also affect the natural environment which we live. Therefore, a reasonable solution to environmental pollution disputes quickly is critical to China's socialist construction. Our jurisprudence has been troubled by how to effectively solve the problem of environmental pollution disputes, especially environmental law. Scholars carried out fruitful research and have achieved fruitful results from their research, especially in terms of environmental public interest litigation with remarkable results.Scholars are in-depth research from the aspects of the type of public interest litigation、plaintiff judicial proceedings, and published the insights, however, few scholars are research for civil right of action to protect the victims of environmental pollution studies. There are many obstacles to the victims of environmental pollution in the process of access to the courts, including pressure from the courts and the government. In this paper, The perspective of judicial practice by case analyzed environmental pollution dilemma by existing civil right of action to protect the victims，are mainly concentrated in the exercise of the right to appeal the difficulties faced by the parties (prosecution difficult, hard evidence, cross-examination is difficult, etc.) 、the court accepted the case when the wrongful act (court inadmissible accepted without judgment, etc.)、the adverse effects of local government imposed (government policy interments the right to appeal that citizens exercise、the government lacks pollution attention that victims exercise the right of appeal、the local government protect cause victims win results which enforcement of judgments have badly effect, etc.). On this basis, the causes delve into their plight that is: flawed legislative level (legislative gaps and some vague laws、 enactments tradition condition that court resolve environmental disputes through institutional innovation)、limitation regime (civil Action institutional lack of security, accountability system resulting in the judge does not act、 the legal aid system is imperfect)、and obstruction caused by a number of other factors. To change this situation, we must learn the theory and practice abroad, combined with China's specific national conditions, propose solutions to the path of our civil right of action to protect the victims of environmental pollution dilemma，At the legislative level, improve relevant laws and regulations, expanding environmental pollution victims to sue; institutionally, to reform the existing judicial system、rethinking existing accountability of judges、improve china's legal aid system; in judicial practice, and improve environmental courts and strengthen the professional quality of the legal person.