20多年来，高等职业教育作为我国高等教育的重要组成部分，其规模已经占据了我国高等教育的半壁江山，在我国高等教育大众化进程中发挥了不可替代的作用。社会的强劲需求和高等职业教育的独特功能表明，在全面建设小康社会和加快推进社会主义现代化的伟大事业中，在中华民族走向伟大复兴的今天，高等职业教育具有不可替代的基础性作用和战略性地位。然而，我国的现实情况是一方面高技能人才严重短缺，另一方面高职毕业生就业形势严峻。这种原因不是因为高职院校的毕业生少，而是目前高职院校培养的人才规格和质量不能满足企业需求。搞好学生的就业已经越来越成为各个职业院校工作中的重中之重。随着就业工作的不断深入，各种人才培养类型与模式、就业安置方式百花齐放、百家争鸣。其中，“订单培养”就是最近几年出现的一种新型的校企合作人才培养类型。 “订单培养”是指学校依照用人单位的人力资源计划，在与用人单位充分协商的基础上，结合用人单位提出的人才培养规格与标准，与用人单位签订“订单”即“人才培养与用人协议”，并以此制定相应的教学培养方案与计划。学生毕业时，经用人单位和学校考核合格后，用人单位依照用人协议，吸收毕业生到其单位就业并签订就业协议。即企业按其发展规模，预测人才需求量，向学校提出人才培养规格或标准后再下“订单” 的一种产学合作教育形式。 本文以“对高职院校开展‘订单培养’的研究”为题，并以湖南铁道职业技术学院的“订单培养”为个案，根据众多学者提出的概念与内涵，结合目前现实，首先对目前我国高职院校开展“订单培养”的情况进行了分类；其次提出了开展订单培养的原则与实施步骤；接着以湖南铁道职业技术学院开展“订单培养”的3个案例分析了学校开展“订单培养”所取得的成效及存在的不足；最后提出了进一步深化“订单培养”的对策和建议。

Higher vocational education has been an important component of higher education in China. Students enrolled in higher vocational colleges make up half of the total number of the students enrolled in higher learning institutes. Higher vocational education plays a significant role in the process of the popularized higher education with its achievement visualized by the world. The requirements of the society and the unique function of higher vocational education have also shown that higher vocational education plays an incredible foundational role in the processes of establishing an all well-to-do society, speeding up the modernization of socialist, and finally making the Chinese nation prospective. However, the reality now is that on the one hand, China is seriously short of vocational –technical talents; on the other hand, the employment of higher vocational graduates is not satisfactory. The reason is not that there are not enough higher vocational graduates in China nowadays, but is that the quality and modes of cultivating talents in higher vocational colleges can not meet the requirements of the businesses. “Order Cultivation” is a new talent cultivating mode rising from our vocational and technical education in recent years，which means that colleges and employment units make a cultivating talent plan together according to the needs of the students’ future positions after graduation. Both parties sign the employment order and supervise the whole process of cultivation，the students go to the employment units directly and take up their jobs after graduation. It is a new cultivating talent mode，which combines produce，study with research successfully. Now，many high vocational colleges take “order form education” as a main form to cultivate vocational talents. The author took “Order Cultivation” of Hunan Railway Professional Technology College as an exceptional case. Based on the research concerning conceptions proposed by many different scholars and the present situations in China, the thesis concluded and classified the mode of order form education employed in Chinese higher vocational colleges firstly; secondly, it presented the principles and procedures of order form education; thirdly, it pointed out the effects and shortcomings of order form education employed in Hunan Railway Professional Technology College by analyzing 3 cases; fourthly, it put forward some strategies and suggestions for furthering order form education in China.