儿童从幼儿园进入小学，是一生的一次重大转折。入学适应的状况对其一生的发展具有重要影响。而从目前情况来看，城镇小学新生家长和孩子入学准备严重不足。加之低龄入学、家庭教育方法不当等原因，导致一年级小学生不能很好地适应小学生活。调查显示，城镇小学新生不能顺利适应小学生活的比例高达50%，而且呈现逐年增加的趋势。对小学新生入学不适应问题，如果不能有效地指导，便会出现“问题学生”。而且，这种不适应导致的问题会影响到他们的自尊水平，继而影响今后的学习和生活，甚至一生的幸福。国内外有很多相关的实证研究和经验总结，根据这些研究，小学生的外部环境对他们的入学适应水平具有重要影响。但研究中存在着空白点。即由理论到实践的具体指导。因此，本研究通过指导一年级新生家长对孩子的入学适应进行积极的干预，让孩子们都能顺利地适应小学生活，开始他们幸福快乐的学习生涯。本研究包括三个问题：一、城镇小学新生和家长需求；二、城镇小学新生入学适应现状和存在问题；三、城镇小学新生家长入学适应干预指导。主要采用问卷调查法、文献分析法、访谈法、教育观察法等，在文献分析和调查研究的基础上，发现存在的问题，分析问题成因，确立干预目标，设计干预策略，构建指导体系。研究过程中通过家庭教育讲座和案例跟踪指导，强化家长的家庭教育意识，介绍家庭教育策略，从而通过优化家庭教育的环境来提高小学新生入学适应水平。本研究得出以下结论：1．对城镇小学新生家长进行指导，通过优化家庭教育环境来提高小学生入学适应水平是有效的，可行的。2．用团体辅导法为主、个案研究法为辅的方法对家长进行指导的方法是可行的、有效的。3．本研究中提供的对小学新生进行入学适应干预的策略是可操作的、有效的。4．对家长进行专业的家庭教育讲座，是家长和教师迫切需要的。

It’s a very important transition for children to leave the kindergarten and enter primary school.How well they can adapt the new life in primary school has great influence on their development for a whole life.But from the current situation,both the new primary students in towns themselves and their parents have seriously insufficient preparation for school.Otherwise entering school with lower age than proper,and the wrong methods of family education,the new primary students can’t adapt school well.According to surveys,half of the news can’t adapt school life successfully, and the proportion is rising year by year.The students who can’t adapt school well will become “problem students” if they don’t get efficient guidance.Besides,this inadaptation will have negative influence on their self-esteem,and further on their study and life,even happiness of a lifetime.There are many empirical studies and experience both at home and abroad. According to these studies,the external environment have played an important role in the new primary students’ adaptation for school.But there are some blank space:lacking specific guidance which combines the theory and practice.So this study is aimed to guide the parents of new primary students how to take positive intervention to help their children adapt school better.And the final ambition is making every child adapt their life in primary school well and begin their study life happily.This study contains the following three questions:1.The conditions and problems of the school adaptation of the news; 2.Needs of both new primary students in towns and their parents;3.The intervention guidance for parents.This study will take methods such as questionnaires,literature analysis,interviews,educational observation and so on.On the basis of literature and surveys,problems will be find and their causes will be analyzed.Then goals and intervention strategies will be designed and the guidance system built.Through lectures on family education and cases tracking guidance,parents’ awareness on family education will be strengthened and the strategies on education will be mastered.So we can improve the level of new primary students’ school adaptation through optimizing family educational environment.This study reaches the following conclusions:1.It’s feasible and effective to improve the school adaptation level of new primary students in towns by optimizing the family educational environment.2.It’s feasible and effective to give guidance to parents through methods which bases on group counseling, supplemented by case study.3.The intervention strategies provided by this study are operational and effective to help new students adapt schools.4.It’s teachers’ and parents’ eagerly needs to give professional lectures about family education.