由于全世界人口的迅猛增长和城市化进程的不断发展，人们的居住地也越来越集中，使得拥挤的现象十分常见，其对个体的影响受到人们的关注。

社会拥挤是当个体对空间的需求大于供给时所产生的的一种主观体验。本研究在社会环境心理学的视角下，以社会拥挤为具体切入点，探究居住拥挤和拥挤情境对个体在自我知觉时的德才偏好。道德与能力是人们在判断他人、自我和群体时常用的两个维度。在知觉自我时，道德与能力两者各有优先的情况。以往的研究发现，拥挤状态下个体会偏好能力提升的产品，并能够影响其控制感的高低。基于此，本研究探索性地提出了控制感作为拥挤对德才偏好起作用的中介机制，拥挤能够通过降低控制感影响个体自我知觉时的德才偏好。故本研究假设：(1)社会拥挤会影响个体自我知觉时的德才偏好(2)控制感的下降可能是二者之间的潜在机制。

本研究通过两个子研究对问题进行了探讨：研究一通过对国外居住拥挤量表的汉化，采用问卷法考察了对于居住拥挤对个体自我知觉时德才偏好的影响。研究一共收集了142份有效数据。结果表明，居住拥挤体验越高，个体在自我知觉时，选择代表能力与代表道德的词汇之差就越大，即越偏好能力。

研究二采用实验法继续验证社会拥挤情境对个体自我知觉时德才偏好的影响，通过文字想象加上图片沉浸的方法启动被试的拥挤体验，同时考察控制感在拥挤情境体验对个体德才偏好影响中的作用。研究二收集了121份有效数据，结果表明，相对于非拥挤组，拥挤组的被试控制感更低，被试选择的代表能力与代表道德的词汇之差也越大，即越偏好能力，控制感的中介效应显著。

Because of the rapid growth of population and the continuous development of urbanization in the world, people's places of residence are becoming more and more concentrated, which makes the phenomenon of congestion very common, and its impact on individuals is concerned by people.

 Social congestion is a subjective experience when the individual's demand for space is greater than supply. From the perspective of social environmental psychology, this study takes social congestion as the specific breakthrough point to explore the preference of residential congestion and crowded situations for individuals in self-perception. Morality and ability are two dimensions that people often use to judge others, self and group. In the perception of self, morality and ability have priority. Previous studies have found that products with improved preference ability in crowded state can affect their sense of control. Based on this, this study explored the control sense as an intermediary mechanism for crowding to affect the preference of virtue and talent. Crowding can affect the preference of virtue and talent by reducing the sense of control. Therefore, this study assumes that :(1) social congestion will affect the individual's self-perception of virtue and talent preference (2) the decline of the sense of control may be a potential mechanism between the two.

 This study discusses the problem through two sub-studies: first, through the Chineseization of the foreign residential congestion scale, the influence of residential congestion on individual self-perception preference is investigated by questionnaire. The study collected 142 valid data. The results show that the higher the crowded living experience, The greater the difference between selecting the representative ability and the words representing the moral, the more the preference ability.

 In the second study, the experimental method was used to verify the influence of social congestion on individual self-perception of virtue and talent preference, and to start the crowded experience of the subjects by means of text imagination and picture immersion. At the same time, the role of control in the influence of crowded scene experience on individual virtue and talent preference was investigated. The results showed that the test sense of control of the crowded group is lower, and the greater the difference between the representative ability of the subject selection and the word representing morality, that is, the more the ability of preference, the mediation effect of the control sense is significant.