20世纪七八十年代，西方发达国家为解决行政管理冗杂的现象，率先进行了“大部制”改革的探索。我国自 1982 年起的37年间，也经历了8次国家层面的“大部制”改革，均以精简机构，缩减人员，优化政府职能为导向。 根据2018年3月发布的《中共中央关于深化党和国家机构改革的决定》阐述，一些层级党政机关的机构设置还不完备，存在交叉重叠、责权不清现象，还在不同程度上存在“缺位、错位、越位”等问题；政府职能转变不足，“重经济，轻服务；重考核，轻管理”现象凸出，为群众办事服务的能力有待提高；人员配置缺乏科学合理性，体现在编制混乱、法律依据尚未健全等方面。 北京市朝阳区 H 单位作为 2018 年乡镇机构改革的试点单位，在实践层面做出了应有的尝试与调整，本文收集了 H 单位的各类一手资料，为论文奠定了较为充分和详实的描述基础。同时，通过半结构化的方式，对受到改革影响的受众进行访谈，获取改革成效的客观评价，以此作为论据支撑，进行全文阐述。 本文通过对“大部制”改革和乡镇机构改革的界定，在多学科理论的指导下，简要梳理不同层级政府的改革历程，以北京市朝阳区H单位为例，举例分析在“大部制”改革视野下，乡镇层级政府部门“精兵简政”后的现状与问题，通过对现状的原因分析提出有价值的解决方案，且普适于其他同类型、同级别单位，本文旨在运用范本经验为构建乡镇服务型政府提出有益的探索与建议，从而对北京市乡镇机构改革实操提供参考。 乡镇层级政府是连通城乡的基层政府，也是农村地区乃至整个国家经济社会发展的枢纽。推进乡镇机构改革与体制创新，不但对于理顺组织关系，完善管理体制，提高行政效能，优化职能配置，转变工作作风等方面具有重要意义，更是考核“大部制”改革成效向基层延伸的基础环节，也是构建群众满意的服务型政府的应有之义。

In the 1970s and 1980s, western developed countries took the lead in exploring the reform of "large ministry system" in order to solve the phenomenon of redundant administration. In the 37 years since 1982, China has also gone through eight state-level "big ministry system" reforms, all of which are oriented by streamlining institutions, reducing personnel and optimizing government functions. According to the decision of the central committee of the communist party of China (CPC) on deepening the reform of party and state institutions issued in March 2018, party and government organs at some levels are not yet fully established, with overlapping and unclear responsibilities and powers. Insufficient transformation of government functions, "heavy economy, light service; Heavy assessment, light management "phenomenon is prominent, the ability to serve the masses needs to be improved; The lack of scientific rationality in personnel allocation is reflected in the confusion in staffing and the lack of sound legal basis. H unit in Chaoyang district of Beijing, as the pilot unit of township institutional reform in 2018, has made due attempts and adjustments at the practical level. This paper collects all kinds of first-hand data of H unit, laying a relatively sufficient and detailed description foundation for this paper. At the same time, interview the audiences affected by the reform in a semi-structured way to obtain the objective evaluation of the reform effect, which is used as an argument to support the full text. This article through to "the super-ministries reform" and the definition of township institutional reform, under the guidance of multi-disciplinary theory, reform of the government at different levels, briefly in Beijing Chaoyang district H unit, for example, for instance analysis in the perspective of "the super-ministries" reform, the township government hierarchy "and" after the current situation and problems, based on the analysis of the cause of the current situation of valuable solutions, and is suitable for other same type, same level units, the purpose of this paper is to use template experience to build the service government put forward the beneficial exploration and Suggestions, so as to provide reference of township institutional reform in field of Beijing. The township level government is the grass-roots government connecting urban and rural areas, and it is also the hub of economic and social development in rural areas and even the whole country. Promote the reform of township institutions and system innovation, not only for the relationship between organization, perfecting the management system, improve the administrative efficiency, optimize the distribution of functions, change the style of work is of great significance, but also the inspection "the super-ministries" fundamental reform to the grassroots level, and build the masses satisfied service government.