散文的鉴赏需要立足于散文自身的文体特征，即“形散神不散”。而散文的“不散之神”不仅指主题，还体现为散文内在线索的纵横交贯，叠而不乱，交而不散。把握这种纵横交贯的文体特征，对于理解和探究散文作者“贵在有我”的主体特性，无疑大有裨益。以《小狗包弟》线索分析为例：横贯线索由于朝向作者内心情感变化的梳理，内向特征较为明显，故可以之探及巴金作为创作主体的“内向”特性，即体认无罪之罪与共同犯罪的忏悔意识；而纵贯线索更强调朝向作者外部环境关系的考察，外向特征更为突出，故可以之深入巴金“外向”特性，即重扬人文关怀与时代担当的五四精神。文学是人学，鉴赏散文时，由散文“纵横交贯”的文体特征进入“双向一体”的主体特性，其实也正是由文学走向人学的过程。

The appreciation of an essay must be based on its own stylistic features, which is scrambled in appearance but united in spirit. And the united spirit of an essay is not only the theme but also its clues arranged in a crisscross pattern. Grasping this kind of stylistic features will contribute to the understanding of the subject characteristics. Take the high school text < the dog named Bao Di> for instance: readers can comprehend Ba Jin’s introverted subject characteristics through the horizontal clue which shows the emotional change in heart. And Ba Jin’s extroverted subject characteristics can also be seized through the vertical clue displaying the external environment. To be exact, Ba Jin’s introverted subject characteristic is the consciousness of the penitence, which means having a deep understanding of the Innocent Sin and Joint Offence. And the extroverted one is his updated propagation of the Humanistic Concern and the Spirit of the May 4th Movement. Literature is also the Homonology. Therefore, readers appreciating the essay can swept into the subject characteristics which is two-way integrated from the clues arranged in a crisscross pattern.