生物炭作为土壤碳库的重要组成部分，因其独特的结构性质在多个领域有着十分重要 的应用，包括缓解全球温室效应和改善土壤污染状况，前者依赖于生物炭的稳定性，后者 是生物炭吸附能力的体现。然而土壤中的生物炭在长期地质过程中会在成岩作用下不断缩 聚演化，因此生物炭的结构和性质在成岩过程必将发生改变。同时矿物作为土壤中的活性 组分也将参与此过程，从而改变生物炭的环境行为。为了明确矿物共存在成岩过程对生物 炭性质、稳定性和吸附性能的影响以及机制， 本研究选择水稻秸秆和猪粪在 250 °C、 450 °C和 600 °C 下制备生物炭， 在三种典型的土壤矿物（针铁矿、水铁矿和蒙拓土） 共存的同时，在高温高压条件模拟生物炭的成岩过程。 采用化学稳定性和热稳定性评价方法考察矿物共存下成岩对生物炭稳定性的影响。 同时选取吡虫啉作为模式污染物进行吸附实验， 研究成岩作用前后以及矿物共存条件下的生物炭对吸附能力的变化。同时结合生物炭的结构性质，探讨影响机制。 主要结果如下： 大部分生物炭样品在成岩后总极性、表面极性和 H/C 均明显下降， 说明成岩过程中伴随着极性官能团的丧失，生物炭发生凝聚和进一步芳香化，结构也越发成熟。芳基和甲氧基、碳水化合物和羧基四者之间以及含氧芳基和羰基的负相关关系说明了成岩前后生物炭芳香碳的变化主要是来源于极性官能团的缩聚反应。 矿物添加之后，由于其与生物炭的极性官能团相互作用形成复合物，从而阻碍了生物炭在成岩过程中的缩聚程度，且随着成岩时间的增加芳香化仍在进行，但 H/C 的基本维持不变说明矿物对部分基团的保护作用。 生物炭的比表面积和孔体积在成岩作用的影响下也得到了提高，而在矿物共存下的成岩过程中，生物炭的比表面积和孔体积发生了下降。综合 H/C、 O/C、化学氧化和热重分析等分析结果，发现成岩作用主要通过提高生物炭的芳香化程度来增加生物炭的化学稳定性和热稳定性。成岩过程中矿物的共存对生物炭的化学稳定性和热稳定性的影响不一致：矿物添加后，生物炭的化学稳定性有所下降，这是由于矿物添加阻碍了生物炭的芳香化，同时三种矿物由于和不同生物炭的作用强度的差异性，导致了不同矿物对不同生物碳的化学稳定性影响并不一致。 然而热稳定性有所增加，这可以归因于生物炭在矿物添加后热稳定性更多取决于结晶度而不是芳香度。成岩后，由于孔隙结构和芳香结构的增加，生物炭对吡虫啉吸附能力有所提高。然而矿物的添加之后，由于矿物自身对农药的吸附能力弱于生物炭且减少生物炭的芳香度以及孔隙结构，导致了生物炭对农药的吸附能力下降，同时不同的成岩样品的吸附能力由于在三种矿物和不同生物炭之间作用能力的不同而存在差异。 综上，成岩作用有利于提高生物炭的碳稳定性和吸附能力，但是矿物共存对生物炭化 学稳定性起到降低作用的同时提高了热稳定性。 本研究的结果为了解成岩过程以及矿物在 此过程中对生物炭结构和性质产生的影响提供科学依据，有助更好地预测生物炭在土壤环 境中的碳稳定性和吸附能力变化。

As an important part of soil carbon pool, biochar is applied in many fields due to its unique structure and properties, including alleviating global greenhouse effect and remediating soil pollution. The former depends on the stability of biochar, the latter is the embodiment of biochar adsorption capacity. However, in the long-term geological process, biochar in soils will be subject to continuous condensation under diagenesis, which changes the structure and properties of biochar in turn. Meanwhile, minerals, as active components in soils, will participate in the disgenesis with biochar, thus changing the environmental behavior of biochar. In order to clarify the influence mechanism of diagenesis on the stability and adsorption properties of biochar under mineral coexistence, this study chosen biochar, which was prepared by pyrolyzing rice straw and swine manure under 250 oC, 450 oC and 600 oC, then mixed with three kinds of minerals (Goethite, Ferrihydrite and Montmorillonoid), to simulate the diagenetic process under the condition of high temperature and pressure. The changes of biochar stability before and after diagenesis and mineral addition were investigated by means of chemical and thermal oxidation. Imidacloprid was selected as the model pollutant for the adsorption experiment to determine the influence of diagenesis and mineral addition on the adsorption capacity of biochar. Combing with change of the structure and properties, the influence mechanism was discussed. The main results are summarized as follows: The total and surface polarity and H/C of biochar samples decreased after the diagenetic process, showing that biochar was condensed in diagenesis with the loss of polar functional groups. The increase of aromaticity illustrates that more sophisticated structure was formed in biochar. The negatively correlated relationship between aryl and methoxy groups, carbohydrate, and carboxyl groups, and oxygen-containing aryl and carbonyl groups showed the change of aromatic carbon after diagenesis was mainly derived from the polymerization of polar functional groups. After the addition of minerals, the degree of condensation of biochar in the diagenetic process was hindered due to its interaction with the polar functional groups of biochar, and aromaticity increased with the of diagenetic time. However, the maintenance of H/C indicated the protective effect of minerals on specific groups. The specific surface area and pore volume of biochar were also improved in the diagenesis and mineral coexistence decreased the pore structure. The stability of biochar was analyzed by H/C, O/C, chemical oxidation and thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the chemical stability and thermal stability of biochar were increased after diagenesis, owing to the increase in greater aromaticity. The addition of minerals in the diagenesis hinders the aromatization of biochar, leading to the decrease in chemical stability, the decreasing degree of chemical stability of different biochar is not consistent due to the different reaction intensity between three minerals and biochar. But increased the crystallinity of biochar, resulting in the greater thermal stability. The results of adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption capacity of biochar increased, due to the greater pore structure and aromatic structure. The addition of minerals reduces adsorption capacity by decreasing aromaticity and pore structure of the biochar, and the decreasing degree is determined by the different reaction intensity between mineral and biochar. Overall, diagenesis improved the carbon stability and adsorption capacity of biochar in soils, while mineral addition decreased chemical stability and increased thermal stability. This result is conducive to better understand the effect of diagenesis process and the minerals in this course on the structure and properties of biochar, and can be used to predict the carbon stability and adsorption capacity of biochar in the soil environment.