| 中文题名： | 先秦三晋地域古史传说研究 |
| 姓名： | |
| 保密级别： | 公开 |
| 论文语种： | 中文 |
| 学科代码： | 060200 |
| 学科专业： | |
| 学生类型： | 硕士 |
| 学位： | 历史学硕士 |
| 学位类型： | |
| 学位年度： | 2021 |
| 校区： | |
| 学院： | |
| 研究方向： | 先秦史 |
| 第一导师姓名： | |
| 第一导师单位： | |
| 提交日期： | 2021-06-15 |
| 答辩日期： | 2021-06-15 |
| 外文题名： | THE STUDY OF ANCIENT HISTORY AND LEGENDS OF THE SANJIN REGION IN THE PRE-QIN PERIOD |
| 中文关键词： | |
| 外文关键词： | Sanjin ; Taotangshi ; The Legend of Usurpation ; The Schools of Zongheng and Fashu ; Ancient Society |
| 中文摘要： |
三晋是一个相对独立、自成体系的地域单元。先秦古史传说受地域影响，多有传闻异辞。前辈学者已注重其地域倾向，但目前尚未出现以“三晋地域古史传说”为题的系统研究，本文试图填补这一领域。
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陶唐氏后裔分化为独立并行的四系：古唐国、刘累、尧、丹朱。陶唐氏亡于夏代，直系后裔古唐国仍居晋南，即甲骨金文的姚姓昜国。支裔刘累的后代依次是御龙氏、豕韦氏、唐杜氏（即祁姓杜氏）。汉人杂糅诸系，造出“汉承尧运”的政治神话。上古晋南还有实沈、台骀及金天氏。这些古史信息成为战国末年及两汉整理古史系统的素材。晋国与魏国都曾尝试追认和承袭夏代的政治名位，此所谓“晋魏承夏位”。晋平公时举夏代郊祭以祀鲧；魏惠王以夏代的后继者自居，称夏王，乘夏车，改夏正。《竹书纪年》《厚父》的古史书写与此有深远的关系。 禅让传说在战国三晋流行时产生异辞，甚至被改造为“篡夺说”。三晋大儒荀子的禅让观受儒家思想内在理路与三晋地域文化（尤其是法术之学）二重思想因素的影响。汲冢书“尧德衰，为舜所囚”是言尧年老体衰而不能致德，舜篡夺君位。《韩非子》并不否认尧舜时存在禅让制，但反对在战国实行禅让制。三晋纵横法术之士将禅让用作君臣沽名钓誉的手段。 《韩非子》《战国策》“传闻”部分与《容成氏》的“禹禅益，启干益”，属战国最普遍说法。“禹名传天下于益，其实令启自取”属三晋的一种权谋式揣测。“益避启”可能是邹鲁孟氏之儒的说法。《竹书纪年》《天问》皆以“益干启”属三晋异辞。《厚父》《世俘》称扬“禹启世袭”，属西周古史观。益启关系很可能是自禅让说衍生而来。普遍说法以伊尹与太甲最终和睦，《纪年》“篡夺说”属三晋异辞，两者呈对立关系。战国三晋古史呈现出结构化的相似特征，为三晋纵横法术之士所造作，具有逆反性质，与儒家伦理化的古史针锋相对。 诸子文献中有一种以远古时期各社会阶段演化为主题的记载，可称为“远古社会”，亦有三方传闻异辞。三晋法术之士多传变易史观。邹鲁早期儒墨古史期短，多不言具体古帝名号。北学多为纯现实记述；楚淮南学多杂神话色彩。南方道家的最典型特征是退化史观、形上之世、传述老子之学。这种记载还常提及众多远古部族，涉及诸多地域，族属不同，时代不明。后世学者整齐古史系统，将大多远古部族裁汰，将少数改造为古帝名号，然后编入新的古史系统中。 从这三个方面，可以大体上清理描绘出一幅先秦三晋地域古史传说的综合图景，以增进对三晋文化、文献、古史的认识。 |
| 外文摘要： |
Sanjin三晋 is a relatively independent and systematic regional unit. The legends and ancient history of the pre-Qin period are affected by the region, so there are many different legends. Previous scholars have paid attention to this kind of regional tendency, but so far there has not been a systematic study with the title of "The Ancient History and Legends of the Sanjin Region". This thesis attempts to fill this field.
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Taotangshi's陶唐氏 descendants divided into four separate and parallel bloodlines: the Ancient Tang唐 Country, Liu Lei刘累, Yao尧, Dan Zhu丹朱. Taotangshi collapsed in the Xia夏 Dynasty. And its lineal descendant the Ancient Tang Country was still in the southern of Jin晋, which is Yang昜 Country as recorded in the inscriptions on bones and ancient bronze objects. As a branch, Liu Lei's descendants are Yulongshi御龙氏, Shiweishi豕韦氏 and Tangdushi唐杜氏(namely Dushi of surname Qi祁姓杜氏). The Han people mixed various bloodlines, creating the political myth of "Han Inherits the Fortune of Yao汉承尧运". In ancient times, there are the legends of Shishen实沈, Taitai台骀 and Jintianshi金天氏 in the southern of Jin. This information of ancient history became the material of the ancient history system in the late Warring States Period and the Han Dynasty. Both the states of Jin and Wei魏 tried to inherit the political position of the Xia Dynasty, which was called "Jin and Wei Inherits the Xia Dynasty晋魏承夏位". Jin Ping Gong晋平公 used to hold the Jiao Ji郊祭 activity of the Xia Dynasty to worship Gun鲧. Wei Hui Wang魏惠王 regarded himself as the successor of the Xia Dynasty, called himself the King of Xia, took the Xia chariot and changed into the calendar of the Xia Dynasty. The writing of ancient history in Zhushujinian竹书纪年 and Houfu厚父 has a profound relationship with it. When the Shan-rang Legend禅让说 was popular in Sanjin of the Warring States period, it had different statements and was even changed into the Legend of Usurpation. Xunzi荀子, a great Confucianist in Sanjin, was influenced by the inner logic of Confucianism and the regional culture of Sanjin (especially the theory of Legalism). The books of Jizhong汲冢书 record that Yao was old and frail, so Shun舜 usurped the throne. Hanfeizi韩非子 does not deny the existence of Shan-rang during the Yao and Shun period, but opposes the practice of Shan-rang during the Warring States period. The Schools of Zongheng and Fashu纵横法术之士 of Sanjin used Shan-rang as a means of gaining fame. The legend part of Hanfeizi and Zhanguoce战国策 and Rongchengshi容成氏 record Yu禹 Shan-rang to Yi益 but Qi启 usurp the throne of Yi, which is the most common statement during the Warring States Period. Yu nominally gave the throne to Yi, but actually ordered Qi to seize it, which is a kind of machiavellian speculation of Sanjin. Yi politely decline the throne that may be the statement of the Confucianist of Meng孟氏之儒 in Zou and Lu邹鲁. Zhushujinian and Tianwen天问 both record that Yi usurp the throne of Qi, which is different statement of Sanjin. Houfu and Shifu世俘 record hereditary system between Yu and Qi, which is the ancient historacal idea of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The legend of the relationship of Yi and Qi may be derived from Shan-rang legend. It is common statement that Yi Yin伊尹 and Tai Jia太甲 finally made peace with each other. The legend of usurpation in Zhushujinian belongs to the different statement of Sanjin. These two statements are in opposition. The ancient history of Sanjin in the Warring States period showed similar structural characteristics, which was made by the Schools of Zongheng and Fashu and had the nature of "rebellion", and was in direct opposition to the Confucian ethical ancient history. In the literatures of hundreds of schools, there is a theme of the evolution of various social stages in ancient times, which can be called "Ancient Society". There are also different statements about this. Most of the schools of Fashu in Sanjin impart the historical idea of change. The duration of ancient history of early Confucianists and Mohists in Zou and Lu are short. They rarely mention specific imperial names. Most of the northern studies are purely realistic records, while the southern studies of Chu and Huai楚淮 often mix mythological color. The most typical characteristics of Taoists in the south are the historical idea of degeneration, the metaphysical idea and the learning of Laozi's ideas. Such records often refer to many ancient tribes of different regions, ethnic groups and unknown times. Later scholars sorted out the ancient history system, cut most ancient tribes, transformed a few into ancient emperor titles, and then incorporated them into the new ancient history system. From these three aspects, we can draw a comprehensive picture of the ancient history and legends of Sanjin in the pre-qin period in order to enhance the understanding of the culture, literature and ancient history of Sanjin. |
| 参考文献总数： | 183 |
| 作者简介： | 周秦汉，北京师范大学历史学院硕士研究生，主要研究方向为先秦史与思想史。 |
| 馆藏号： | 硕060200/21004 |
| 开放日期： | 2022-06-15 |
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