中文题名: | 21世纪以来中国电影中的国家形象建构与传播研究 |
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保密级别: | 公开 |
论文语种: | chi |
学科代码: | 130300 |
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学生类型: | 博士 |
学位: | 艺术学博士 |
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学位年度: | 2024 |
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研究方向: | 影视理论与批评 |
第一导师姓名: | |
第一导师单位: | |
提交日期: | 2024-06-18 |
答辩日期: | 2024-05-16 |
外文题名: | RESEARCH ON THE CONSTRUCTION AND DISSEMINATION OF NATIONAL IMAGE IN CHINESE MOVIES SINCE THE 21ST CENTURY |
中文关键词: | |
外文关键词: | Chinese Film ; National Image ; Constructivism ; Cross-cultural Communication |
中文摘要: |
国家形象,是彰显国家文化软实力、塑造国家声誉体系、提升国际影响力的重要元素。21世纪以来,中国的综合国力不断增强,社会主义文化强国的建设目标愈发清晰,国家形象建设也应与国家当下发展同步呼应,所以建构一个立体、生动和丰满国家形象成为了迫切的时代任务。 电影作为21世纪以来最重要的全球传播媒介之一,是建构和传播国家形象最重要的艺术载体。本研究旨在强化中国电影建构中国国家形象的文化自觉,并试图呈现一个更加有效的国家形象建构与传播体系,促使电影艺术对国家形象建设工程产生更为积极的作用,以促进社会主义电影强国、文化强国的建设进程。 自20世纪五十年代伊始,有关国家形象的理论研究在海外学界逐步成形,21世纪初进入到中国学界。在不同的学科体系中,有关国家形象的概念界定各有侧重。本文梳理、参考和综合了国家形象在多个学科领域内的概念定义,并对其进行更加清晰有据的界定,认为国家形象是通过特定的多种媒介在外部公众和内部公众的意识中形成有关一国政治、军事、经济、科技、自然资源、地理景观、历史文化等多方面的实力印象以及国家精神印象。 在方法论层面,本文采用建构主义方法论作为指导搭建整体研究框架。建构主义认为国家形象是“在传播中建构”的,在国际社会国家主体间的交往互动中,国家形象是被“社会地”建构起来的,电影媒介则是作为一种被放置在交流体系中的传播工具。在建构主义方法论指导下,中国电影建构国家形象的路径分为“自塑”“他塑”与“合塑”,三者合而为一,才能建构出一个较为全面、客观且稳固的国家形象。 本文第一章分析了作为媒介的电影是如何建构国家形象的。首先对国家形象的概念进行了理论溯源,国家形象来源于国际社会国家主体间“权力”与“实力”博弈的结果,国家的“硬实力”决定了国家“软实力”,只有在维护国家主权、增强国家综合实力的基础之上,才能通过文化传播准确、完整地建构国家形象。其次,第一章还明确了国家形象的建构理论,通过回溯建构主义理论的来源与兴起,明确了建构主义方法论观照下国家形象的建构模式。此外,第一章重点探讨了电影与国家形象之间的建构关系,电影对国家形象建构提供了源源不断的影像符号,笔者在对国家形象的概念进行再界定后,认为电影是在物质性、社会性和精神性三个维度上建构国家形象的,在此基础之上又分为“个体-群体-社会-国家”的四个结构层次。同时探讨了电影建构国家形象的生成机制,包括真实与虚构、客观与主观、电影性与非电影性,去深入探赜电影是如何建构国家形象的。 本文第二章回溯了21世纪之前中国电影建构国家形象的历史演进,根据20世纪中国电影史的脉络划分出四大部分,分别探究每一个时期的中国电影在不同维度上建构出的国家形象的不同侧面。分为早期中国电影中的社会图景(1949年以前)、“十七年”时期中国电影中的地域景观和民族精神(1949年-1965年)、改革开放新时期中国电影中的政治力量和文化底蕴(1978年-1990年),以及九十年代中国电影中的经济建设与时代变迁(1991年-2000年)。 本文第三章主要探讨了21世纪以来中国电影自我建构国家形象的“自塑”路径,“自塑”是国家形象建构模式中最为基础也是最为重要的一部分。本章首先明确了中国文化与中国符号是中国电影自塑国家形象的立身之本。其次,21世纪以来的中国电影,依然是在物质性、社会性和精神性这三重维度上建构国家形象的,而不同的类型电影在不同维度上对国家形象的建构起到了各有侧重的支撑作用。这其中,新主流电影是对主流价值观和国家军事实力的展示,武侠电影是对中国历史文化和侠义精神的展示,都市电影是对国家经济发展和现代化社会建设的展示,科幻电影是对国家科技实力的展示,少数民族电影则是对中国民族文化的展示。此外,作为近年来中国电影本土理论的一种创新研究范式,区域电影从中国的地理环境、资源分布和地缘文化的物质性维度上,从东、西、南、北四个方向出发,试图去拼贴和建构出一个更为完整的国家形象。 本文第四章主要分析了在“他塑”的影响下,中国电影在跨文化传播的过程和结果中建构起来的国家形象。笔者在对国家形象进行概念界定时,涉及到“内部公众”与“外部公众”两个层次,而论及中国电影何以在“外部公众”的集体意识中去建构国家形象,就涉及到了中国电影的跨文化传播研究。且建构主义认为,一个国家的形象是在“传播”的过程中“建构”起来的,所以跨文化传播是中国电影在海外建构国家形象的重要研究内容。本章第一节简要回顾了中国形象在海外建构的前置意象,也就是西方电影中“他塑”的中国形象;第二节通过分析中国电影在海外市场的票房数据,以及“拟态环境”中海外主流媒体的舆论塑造,探究中国电影在海外建构国家形象的结果;第三节分析了海外华语电影研究体系中的中国形象。 本文第五章主要分析全球化语境下海内外共建中国形象的影像“合塑”模式。第一节引入“共同经验范围”理论,探讨人类对影像产生共性认知的机制与理念,第二节探讨了跨国电影研究转向下,中外跨国电影对中国形象的海内外“合塑”。结论部分则回顾了全文的研究脉络,总结了每一部分的研究结果,并对中国电影建构国家形象的未来建设进行发展构想。 |
外文摘要: |
National image is an important element to highlight a country's cultural soft power,shape the national reputation system,and enhance international influence.Since the beginning of the 21st century, China's comprehensive national strength has been constantly enhanced, and the construction goal of a strong socialist culture has become increasingly clear.The construction of national image should also be in synchronous response to the current development of China,so the construction of a three-dimensional,vivid and full national image has become an urgent task of the times. As one of the most important global media since the 21st century,film is the most important artistic carrier for constructing and spreading national image.This study aims at strengthening the cultural consciousness of Chinese films in constructing China's national image,trying to establish a set of beneficial and effective theoretical system of Chinese films in constructing China's national image,so that film art can play a more active role in the huge project of national image construction,and further promote the construction process of socialist film power and cultural power. Since the beginning of the 1950s, the theoretical research on national image has gradually taken shape in overseas academic circles,and entered the Chinese academic circles in the early 21st century.In different disciplinary systems,the definition of the concept of national image has different emphasis.This article outlines and refers to the conceptual definitions of national image in multiple disciplinary fields, and provides a clearer and more evidence-based definition.The national image is the impression of a country's political, military, economic, technological, natural resources, geographical landscape, historical and cultural strength, as well as the national spirit, formed in the awareness of both the external and internal public through specific multiple media. In terms of methodology,this paper adopts constructivism methodology as guidance to build an overall research framework.Constructivism believes that national images are "socially" constructed in the interaction between national subjects in the international community,and film media is a communication tool placed in the communication system.Under the guidance of constructivism methodology,the ways of constructing national image in Chinese films are divided into "self-shaping", "other-shaping" and "combination-shaping".Only by combining the three can a more comprehensive,objective and stable national image be constructed. The first chapter analyzes how movies as a medium construct a national image.Firstly, the concept of national image was theoretically traced back to the result of the game between "power" and "strength" among the international community's state entities.The "hard power" of a country determines its "soft power". Only on the basis of safeguarding national sovereignty and enhancing comprehensive national strength can a country's image be accurately and completely constructed through cultural dissemination.Secondly, The first chapter also clarifies the mechanism for constructing a national image.By tracing the origin and rise of constructivist theory, the construction mode of national image under the perspective of constructivist methodology has been clarified.Thirdly,the first chapter focuses on the construction relationship between movies and national images, providing a continuous stream of visual symbols for the construction of national images.After defining the specific concept of national image, the author believes that movies construct national image on three dimensions: material, social, and spiritual. Based on this, they are further divided into four structural levels:individual,group,society and state.At the same time, it explores the mechanism of how movies construct national images, including truth and fiction, objectivity and subjectivity, cinematic and non cinematic, to deeply analyze how movies construct national images. The second chapter traces the historical context of Chinese film's construction of national image before the 21st century.The research content is divided into four major parts based on the context of the history of Chinese film in the 20th century, exploring in which dimensions Chinese film in each period constructed different aspects of the national image.Including the social landscape in early Chinese film (before 1949), the regional landscape and national spirit in Chinese film during the "Seventeen Years" period (1949-1965), the political power and cultural heritage in Chinese film during the new era of reform and opening up (1978-1990), and the economic construction and changes of the times in Chinese film during the 1990s and 2010s (1991-2000). The third chapter mainly explores the "self-shaping" path of Chinese film's self construction of national image since the 21st century. "Self-shaping" is the most fundamental and important part of the national image construction model.Firstly, it is clear that Chinese culture and symbols are the foundation for Chinese film to shape the national image.Secondly, since the 21st century, Chinese films have still constructed national images in the three dimensions of materiality, sociality, and spirituality, and different types of films have played different supporting roles in constructing national images in different dimensions with different emphases.Among them, new mainstream films showcase mainstream values and national military strength, martial arts films showcase Chinese history, culture, and national spirit, urban films showcase national economic development and modernization, science fiction films showcase national technological strength, and ethnic minority films showcase Chinese national culture.In addition, as an innovative research paradigm in the local theory of Chinese film in recent years, regional film attempts to piece together and construct a relatively complete national image from four directions: east, west, south, and north, based on China's geographical environment, resource distribution, and geopolitical culture. The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the national image constructed by Chinese films in the process and results of cross-cultural communication.When defining the concept of national image, the author involves two levels: "internal public" and "external public". When it comes to how Chinese films construct national image in the collective consciousness of the "external public", it involves cross-cultural communication research of Chinese films.Constructivism holds that the image of a country is constructed during the process of dissemination, so cross-cultural communication is an important research topic in the construction of a national image in Chinese film.The first section of this chapter briefly reviews the pre imagery of Chinese image construction overseas, that is, the Chinese image in Western films in the "other-shaping" path.In the second section, by analyzing the box office data of Chinese films in overseas markets and the shaping of public opinion by overseas mainstream media in a simulated environment, we explore the results of Chinese films constructing national image overseas.The third section explores the image of China in the research system of overseas Chinese language films. The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the image "combination-shaping" mode of constructing China's image in the context of globalization.The first section introduces the theory of "A Field of Experience" to explore the mechanism and concept of human's common cognition of images.The second section explores the "combination-shaping" of China's image by Chinese and foreign multinational films in the context of the shift in cross-border film research.The conclusion section reviews the research context of the entire article, summarizes the research results of each section, and proposes development ideas for the future construction of China's national image through film. |
参考文献总数: | 308 |
作者简介: | 张萌,北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院戏剧与影视学博士研究生,研究方向为影视理论与批评。 |
馆藏地: | 图书馆学位论文阅览区(主馆南区三层BC区) |
馆藏号: | 博130300/24010 |
开放日期: | 2025-06-18 |