改革开放以来，我国处于经济快速发展、社会快速转型的时期，取得了瞩目的伟大成就，但是同时各种风险矛盾也在积累与逐渐暴露。在风险问题日益常态化与复杂化的当下，志愿服务等社会力量是政府力量的重要补充，建设汇聚多元力量的风险治理共同体是应有之义。党的二十大报告也进一步指出要通过“完善社会治理体系，健全共建共治共享的社会治理制度”“建设人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社会治理共同体”来健全国家安全体系。

当前现代应急管理理论基本认同，突发事件是存在阶段性，因此对其的应对与治理，也需要根据进展情况随时调整，开展全过程管理，这对应急志愿服务提出了更高要求。但是应急志愿服务本身碎片化、非专业化等限制以及常态治理场景与非常态应急情景之间的割裂，都给应急志愿服务转换的顺利实现增加了难度。那么当前常态与非常态情景下应急志愿服务的转换过程是什么？其背后的机制又是什么？

本研究通过对参与河南郑州“7.20”特大暴雨灾害应对与灾后重建的应急志愿者进行访谈，对调研访谈的文本内容进行扎根理论分析，通过开放式、主轴以及选择性编码等程序化编码分析，结合全过程应急管理、运动式治理理论和系统论等，构建常态与非常态情景下应急志愿服务转换模型。

基于此，本研究核心发现便是：第一，应急志愿服务的常态治理情景与非常态应急情景转换的三大结构要素：（1）队伍建设是转换过程的人力基础，网络性组织是实现平战兼容的有效组织形式；（2）资源物资是转换过程的物质基础，共建共享的物资储备体系可以消减突发事件应对中物资供需失衡的问题；（3）信息知识是转换过程的认知基础，全过程的危机学习可以实现应急志愿服务增能增效。第二，常态与非常态情景下应急志愿服务转换机制：从全过程应急管理角度出发，可以分为能力储备机制、要素整合机制、协同应对机制和总结学习机制。能力储备机制是将应急志愿服务常态治理与非常态应急相融合的一种机制，其主要针对未来可能发生的危机活动，将所需的应急志愿服务需求转化为日常治理活动，同时将应急需求的资源储备起来；要素整合机制指的应急志愿服务发挥自身开放性、互补性的优势，整合社会层面各类应急要素，提升应急处置效果；协同应对机制是指应急志愿服务队伍与政府、企业和其他社会力量开展协同，分工合作，共同参与应急处置；总结学习机制具体指在突发事件结束后，应急志愿服务力量不仅可以协助参与灾后重建，同时应该开展行动评估，总结经验发现问题，开展危机学习。四个阶段环环相扣，形成常态与非常态情景下应急志愿服务转换机制，推动应急志愿服务顺利转换。

Since the reform and opening up, our country has been in a period of rapid economic development and social transformation and has achieved remarkable achievements. However, various risks and contradictions are also accumulating and gradually being exposed. In the face of complex and normalized risk problems, it is far from enough to rely on government power alone. It has become an inevitable choice to aggregate multiple resources to form a community of risk governance. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC also further pointed out that it is necessary to improve the national security system by improving the social governance system based on collaboration, participation, and shared benefits; and by building a community of social governance where everyone has and performs their duties and shares in the benefits.

The current modern emergency management theory largely agrees that emergencies have several stages, therefore the response and governance to them also need to be adjusted at any time according to the progress and carry out a whole-process management at the same time. This puts higher demands on emergency volunteer services. However, the fragmentation and non-professionalization of emergency volunteer services themselves, as well as the separation between normal governance situations and abnormal emergency situations, have increased the difficulty of the normal-abnormal transition of emergency volunteer services. So what is the current normal-abnormal transition process of emergency volunteer services? What is the mechanism behind it?

This study conducted in-depth interviews with emergency volunteers and relevant social organization leaders who participated in the response and post-disaster reconstruction of the July 20th Torrential Rains in Zhengzhou, Henan Province and conducted grounded theory analysis on the text content of the survey interviews. Through programmatic coding analysis such as open, main axis, and selective coding, combined with the whole-process emergency management theory ，system theory and mobilized governance theory, etc., a theoretical model of emergency volunteer service normal-abnormal transition was constructed.

Based on this, the core findings of this article are: First, there are three structural elements of the transition between normal governance situation and abnormal emergency situation of emergency volunteer services: I. Team building is the human resource foundation of the transition process, and network organizations are an effective organizational form to achieve compatibility between normal and abnormal; II. Resources and materials are the material foundation of the transition process, and a co-construction and sharing material reserve system can reduce the problem of supply and demand imbalance of materials in emergency response; III. Information and knowledge are the cognitive foundation of the transition process, and the whole process of crisis learning can enhance the capability and efficiency of emergency volunteer service. Second, the transition mechanism of emergency volunteer service under normal and abnormal situations: Starting from the perspective of the whole process of emergency management, it can be divided into capacity reserve mechanism, element integration mechanism, collaborative response mechanism, and learning while summarizing mechanism. The capacity reserve mechanism is a mechanism that integrates the normal governance of emergency volunteer service with abnormal emergency response, mainly targeting future possible crisis activities, transforming the required emergency volunteer service needs into daily governance activities, and reserving the resources needed for emergencies at the same time. The element integration mechanism refers to the emergency volunteer service playing its own advantages of openness and complementarity, integrating various emergency elements at the social level, and improving the effect of emergency handling. The collaborative response mechanism refers to the emergency volunteer service team working in collaboration with the government, enterprises, and other social forces, dividing work and cooperation, and jointly participating in emergency response. The learning while summarizing mechanism specifically means that after the emergency event, the emergency volunteer service forces can not only assist in post-disaster reconstruction but also carry out action evaluation, problems and experience summarizing, and finally learning from the crisis. The four stages are closely linked, forming a transition mechanism for emergency volunteer service under normal and abnormal situations, promoting the smooth transition of emergency volunteer service.