我国监狱从它成立之日就实行监狱、企业的“二合一”体制，执行“改造第一、生产第二”的劳改工作方针。企业依附于监狱而存在，主要为罪犯提供劳动场所和改造手段，通过劳动改造使其成为自食其力的新人来达到改造罪犯的目的，逐步形成了“二合一”的现象，即对单位而言，“两块牌子一起挂、两个公章一样大”；对监狱领导而言，“两个职务一身兼”；对干警个人而言，“两个身份一肩担”；对工作效果而言，“两个效益一起抓”。在计划经济时期，监狱生产实行“统购统销”，经费供给主要采取“以收抵支”和“大包干”模式，监狱体制存在的矛盾不是很突出。但随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立，国家在计划、金融、财政、投资、税收等宏观政策方面进行了重大改革，监狱体制越来越不适应形势的发展变化，其自身存在的矛盾和问题日益暴露出来，主要表现在三方面：一是“二合一”的体制，使监狱职能严重错位；二是生产收入与监狱经费直接挂钩，警察福利与生产效益挂钩，使监狱生产背离了监管改造的属性；三是监狱职能多样化，使监狱背上了沉重的包袱。这种局面使监狱在实现刑罚执行功能和追求经济效益两方面左右为难，顾此失彼，以致发生了邵东监狱案件、大连监狱案件等丑陋、腐败现象。本文运用历史分析、社会分析、比较研究、文献研究和案例分析等方法，论述现行监狱体制存在的问题，着重论述监企“二合一”的体制存在的问题，并对这些存在问题进行比较深层次的剖析研究。同时借鉴国内外的先进模式、典型经验和学术成就，对我省现行监狱体制改革进行了展望，提出了“有目标、分阶段、分类型、分层次”的监企分离改革思路和切合我省监狱实际的监狱改革模式。主题词:监狱；体制改革；监企分离

The prisons have implemented union system between prison and enterprise in our country since its founding date .As we know, the enterprise through providing the work place and the transformation method for the criminal to make them become independent new person and to achieve transforming criminal's goal. In the planned economy time, for our government had been responsible for the all about enterprise, so the contradiction are not obvious between prison and enterprise in the prison system. But along with the gradual establishment of social market economy system, our country has carried significant reform on the macroscopic policy aspect ,such as the plan, the finance, the investment, the tax revenue and so on, so the prison system is unsuitable for the change of development situation more and more, and the contradiction and the question of its own expose day by day, such as the system of "two gathers one" causes serious dislocation with the prison function, the production income contacting with and the prison funds or the police welfare contacting with the production benefit directly make the production depart from the transformation attribute about supervising and managing. In this paper, the author adopts lots of research methods such as historical analysis, social analysis, case analysis, comparison research and so on to elaborate the existence question of the prison system and analysis it. At the same time uses the domestic and foreign advanced patterns, the typical experience and the academic achievement to forecast the reform about prison system, and proposes how to depart the enterprise from the prison in Sichuan province.Keywords: Prison, System reform, Separation of the prison and enterprises