2017年大学生李文星在求职过程中误入传销组织后溺水身亡，同年“善心汇传销案”被曝光，张天明等人打着“慈善扶贫”的口号实施拉人头、收取入门费等传销行为，社会影响恶劣。本文从传销犯罪的演变历程和基本类型入手，分析了在适用组织、领导传销活动罪打击传销行为过程中的疑点和难点问题，除引言和结论外本文分为以下几个部分： 第一部分从传销活动的演变历程入手，介绍了传销活动的发展历程和基本类型。传销活动起源于美国日渐繁盛的直销企业。直销行业随着市场经济的繁荣从单层次直销逐步发展为以多层级直销为主的行业常态，但多层级直销在发展过程中容易被不法分子利用演变成“金字塔销售”——骗取财物型传销。伴随着互联网的发展传销也升级变型，出现了更加隐蔽复杂的网络传销形式（如点击型传销、微传销、慈善传销等）。分类标准不同网络传销的类型也不同，按照网络传销的内容可将网络传销分为传统传销的网络版、资本运作型网络传销、点击型网络传销和微传销，其中本文以资本运作型网络传销为重点展开论述。 第二部分是文章的重点，分析了传销犯罪的构成要件方面的难点问题如组织者、领导者的认定、传销活动的认定、胁迫行为的认定等。在认定组织者、领导者的部分中，重点分析是否需要区分组织者、领导者和C级传销人员的定性。组织、领导传销活动罪并非是选择性罪名，组织行为和领导行为也存在交集且二者具有相当的社会危害性，从可操作性角度而言不必区分二者。同时，传销犯罪的组织者、领导者应当是位于金子塔塔尖的人员，属于2013年司法解释列举的五类人员，而C级传销人员并非位于金字塔顶层，虽然存在领导行为但并不具有领导地位，基于刑法的谦抑原则不宜将其视为组织者、领导者。团队计酬式传销定性问题存在入罪处理和非犯罪化处理两种观点，面对严峻的传销环境，完全的非犯罪化处理无法起到应有的规制效果，需要根据个案情况选择团队计酬式传销的规制办法。在层级和人数的认定中存在“虚点”问题，由于虚构层级和人数虽然在经济上推动了传销组织的发展，名义上增加了传销组织的人数，但根据传销组织的衍生性，这种虚假的人数增加并不会导致其损害范围的扩大，因此不宜对虚构层级和人数的行为做入罪处理，以便贯彻刑法的谦抑精神。 第三部分分析了传销犯罪罪数形态中的疑难问题。在本罪与非法经营罪的关系上，笔者认为骗取财物型传销组织中的积极参与者虽暂时不能以组织、领导传销活动罪入罪，但可以考虑以非法经营罪定罪处罚。其次，以传销形式实施诈骗或集资诈骗行为属于在一个犯罪故意支配下实施的一个犯罪行为的情形，想象竞合说更加符合本罪与诈骗类犯罪之间的关系，也更能体现罪责刑相适应原则。针对传销过程中出现的非法拘禁等行为属于实质上的数罪，应数罪并罚。

Wen-xing li in 2017 college students in the process of job search go drowned after the pyramid selling, pyramid selling case "benevolence" in the same year was exposed, tian-ming zhang and others in the slogan of "charity poverty alleviation" implementing pull head, charge a fee, such as pyramid selling behavior, bad social influence. This article starts with the basic type of the evolution course of pyramid sales and, for organizing, leading MLM activities were analyzed in the crime suspects and difficult problem in the process of crackdown on pyramid selling, besides introduction and conclusion this article is divided into the following several parts: The first part starts from the evolution of pyramid selling activities, and introduces the development course and basic types of pyramid selling activities. Pyramid selling originated from the growing number of direct selling enterprises in the United States. Direct selling industry with the prosperity of the market economy gradually developed from sheer level direct selling is predominantly a multi-level direct selling industry norm, but in the development process of a multi-level direct selling easy by the use of evolved into "pyramid selling" pyramid selling, diddle property type. Along with the development of the Internet, the pyramid scheme has also been upgraded, and more hidden and complicated forms of network sales have emerged (such as click-type pyramid selling, micro-pyramid selling, charity pyramid selling, etc.). Classification criteria of different online MLM type is different also, according to the content of the Internet pyramid selling online edition of the Internet pyramid selling can be divided into traditional pyramid selling, capital operation Internet pyramid selling, click on the Internet pyramid selling and pyramid selling, which based on the capital operation model, with emphasis on the Internet pyramid selling. The second part is the focus of the article, and analyzes the difficult problems in the construction of pyramid selling crime such as the organizer, the determination of the leader, the identification of the pyramid selling activity and the determination of the coercive behavior. In identifying the organizers and leaders, it is important to analyze whether there is a need to distinguish between the organizers, the leaders and the quality of the c-level pyramid selling staff. Organizing, leading MLM activities sin is not selective charges, organizational behavior and leadership behavior also overlap and is harmful to the society, both from an operational perspective don't have to distinguish between the two. At the same time, the organizers of the pyramid sales, leader should be located in the gold tower steeple, belong to the judicial interpretation in 2013 listed five categories of personnel, and class C pyramid sales personnel is not located in the top pyramid, despite the leadership behavior but not leading, based on the tolerance principle in the criminal law should not regard it as the organizer and leader. Team paid type MLM qualitative problems into sin treatment and non criminal two views, in the face of severe pyramid retail environment, complete the crime of play a regulation effect, not need to choose according to individual condition team paid type regulation way of pyramid selling. In the hierarchy and the number of identified problems in "points", because although in fictional hierarchy and promoted the development of the pyramid selling organization in terms of economy, increase the number of pyramid selling, nominally but according to the derivative of the pyramid, the false increase in the number of people will not lead to the damage scope expands, so should not be of the number of imaginary hierarchy and behavior be treated into sin, in order to implement the austerity of criminal law of the spirit. The third part analyzes the problems in the form of pyramid selling crime. On the relationship between this crime and the crime of illegal management, the author thinks that diddle property type active participant in MLM is temporarily not in the crime of organizing, leading MLM activities into, but can be considered as illegal business crime convicted and punished. Second, in the form of a pyramid scheme to implement fraud or fund-raising fraud cases in a deliberate crime implemented under the domination of a crime, imagine competition said more in line with the relationship between this crime and fraud crimes, also can reflect more fit for the principle. The illegal detention in the process of pyramid selling is a substantial crime, and it should be punished.