健康城市是WHO为应对城市化给人类健康带来的挑战而倡导的一项全球性战略行动，其项目意图创造一种合作机制作用于健康的决定因素，进而改善和提高人群的健康水平，是城市现代化发展的新方向。十九大以来，习近平总书记将“健康中国”提升到战略高度，提出了一系列推动健康事业发展的新思想、新理论和新要求，中央、国务院先后印发《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》、《关于实施健康中国行动的意见》（国发〔2019〕13号）等，明确提出“推进健康城市建设”，为我国的“健康城市”建设做好了顶层设计。我国健康城市建设起步稍晚于欧洲，目前已经历二十余年的探索。尽管在提高城市健康水平上确实取得了不俗成绩，但与优秀的健康城市案例相比仍存在差距。本文试图建立当下我国健康城市建设的有效框架，从公共治理角度对建设的困境及根源进行深入的研究，在此基础上提出对策。研究健康城市建设的困境，是对现有建设情况的重要总结，是对过去的经验成果的审视，确保现有的政策和治理方法能够适应健康城市复杂的理念和要求，满足新的健康诉求，对我国健康城市的研究具有理论和现实意义。

本文主要采取对比分析法。通过分析加拿大和上海市建设健康城市的优秀案例，总结出符合我国当下建设情况的健康城市标准、领导组织结构体系和有效实践路径，以此建立起健康城市建设的有效框架。通过国内建设现状与有效框架的对比，梳理出我国健康城市建设在理念认知、多部门合作、战略规划、社会参与、科学评价等方面存在的差距。深入分析差距产生的根源，提出地方政府应统一发展理念、加强社会参与、 科学化和专业化治理以及因城施策，创新建设思维的对策。

Healthy city is a global strategic action advocated by who in response to the challenges brought by urbanization to human health. Its project aims to create a cooperative mechanism to act on the determinants of health, and then improve and improve the health level of the population, which is a new direction of urban modernization development. Since the nineteen great years, general secretary Xi Jinping has raised the "healthy China" to a strategic height, and put forward a series of new ideas, new theories and new requirements to promote the development of health. The central and State Council issued the "Health China 2030" plan outline and the "opinions on implementing health China action" (No. 13, 2019), and so forth, clearly put forward "promoting healthy city construction". Design "has done a good top-level design for the construction of" healthy city "in China. The construction of healthy cities in China started a little later than that in Europe, which has experienced more than 20 years of exploration. Although it has made great achievements in improving the health level of cities, there is still a gap compared with excellent cases of healthy cities. This paper attempts to establish an effective framework for the construction of healthy cities in China. It studies the difficulties and causes of the construction from the perspective of public governance, and then puts forward countermeasures. The study of the dilemma of healthy city construction is an important summary of the existing construction situation, is a review of the past experience and achievements, to ensure that the existing policies and governance methods can adapt to the complex concepts and requirements of healthy city and meet the new health demands, which has theoretical and practical significance for the study of healthy city in China.

This paper mainly adopts comparative analysis. By analyzing the excellent cases of building healthy cities in Canada and Shanghai, this paper summarizes the healthy city standards, leadership organization structure system and effective practice path in line with China's current construction situation, so as to establish an effective framework for healthy city construction. Through the comparison between the current situation of domestic construction and the effective framework, this paper combs out the gap in the aspects of concept cognition, multi sector cooperation, strategic planning, social participation, scientific evaluation and so on. This paper analyzes the root causes of the gap, and proposes that local governments should unify the development concept, strengthen social participation, scientific and professional governance, implement policies for the city, and innovate construction thinking.