现代性虽然发轫于西方，却代表了“文艺复兴”以来人类社会发展的普遍趋向。在“世界历史”的格局中，一个民族如何回应现代性的冲击，接受现代性的挑战，如何在多层次、多角度的现代性中，做出适合本民族的选择和创造，决定着该民族的存亡与兴衰。自1840年以来，中华民族就被卷入了世界现代性的潮流之中，李大钊是这一时代大潮阶段性的代表性人物之一。李大钊的思想直面现代性的冲击与挑战，努力探求现代性中国的历史课题，折射了中国民族性与现代性互动的关系，是我们认识中华民族回应、选择、创造现代性的“里程碑”式的案例。本文对李大钊思想的研究，就是将其置于“世界历史”的大格局下，置于中国回应和追求现代性的大背景中，置于中国民族性与现代性互动的历史脉络之中，以民族性与现代性的互动的历史逻辑作为考察李大钊的思想的主线，一方面解读李大钊的思想“何以如此”，梳理李大钊关于现代性中国的论证与思考，重塑李大钊的思想在中国民族性与现代性互动的历史进程中所具有的典型意义，肯定李大钊的思想所给予的民族性与现代性融合问题的种种启示；另一方面，以李大钊的思想为切入点，总结中国近代历史的内在规律，并在中国近代以来民族性与现代性融合的宏观架构中，整体检视李大钊做出的种种思考。本文的第一章，以现代性的视野重构中国近代社会内在逻辑与思想史，梳理李大钊思想的时代背景与思想背景，并从时代背景与李大钊思想的内在关系的角度出发，解读李大钊思想的内在张力与整体架构，这是我们理解李大钊思想的宏观基础与逻辑起点。第二章从现代性冲击、升华、洗礼、改造、淬砺民族性的角度，分析主体性思想对于李大钊思想的渗透，解读李大钊关于现代性中国思想的哲学根基，及其对现代性中国的种种思考与建构。第三章从中国民族性回应现代性挑战的独特性方式的角度，论证李大钊转向马克思主义的必然性。第四章将李大钊置于追求现代性中国的历史进程之中，站在民族性与现代性互动、融合的角度，整体审、评价、总结视李大钊思想的现代价值，同时以李大钊的思想为切入点，总结其对于现代性与民族性融合“何以可能”的启示。通过本文的研究，我们可以得出：李大钊的思想，既体现了现代性的内在要求，又具有民族性视野，折射了中国近代社会发展的方向，代表了近代中国对现代文明的理解所能达到的高度。从现代性的视野来看，贯穿李大钊的一生，致力于现代性中国的思考与建构，呼唤尊重人权，鼓呼解放，追求民主、平等、自由等现代精神，堪称一位坚定的民主主义者；接受马克思主义之后，李大钊能够做到在现代性的视野中理解马克思主义和社会主义，肯定马克思主义、社会主义与民主主义的内在联系，认为马克思主义和社会主义是民主主义的扬弃与超越，这吻合思想史的本来逻辑，对于中国的社会主义建设有重要价值。从民族性的视野来看，早期李大钊阐发“民彝”理论，基于中国的历史文化的资源探究中国现代性的可能性与必然性问题；后期的李大钊，提出了马克思主义与中国实际相结合的命题，迈出了马克思主义中国化的积极探索；在融合中国文化、民主主义精髓、马克思主义的基础上，论证和建构平民主义。李大钊的所有这些努力，推进了中国近代社会的发展与思想探索，无论是对于中国的现代化进程，还是对于马克思主义的中国化，都有重大的理论与现实意义，值得我们认真总结、研究。

Although modernity originates from the west, it stands for the general trend of society’s development after Renaissance happened in human society. In the setup of world history, how to respond for the modernity’s strike and accept the modernity’s challenge, how to choose and create properly for their own nations determines any nation’s live or die, prosper or wane. The Chinese people have involved in the world modernity’s tide since 1840, and Li Dazhao is one representative in it. His thoughts which refract the interacted relation between Chinese nationality and modernity are the vane and living fossil for us to understand how Chinese people to response, choose and create modernity. This paper researches into Li Dazhao’s thoughts under the large setup of world history and in history order of Chinese nationality and modernity’s interaction. Considering the historical logic in nationality and modernity’s interaction as the masterstroke in seeing about Li Dazhao’s thoughts, this paper unscramble how his thoughts are like these, remodel the representative significance of Li’s thoughts in the process of Chinese nationality and modernity’s interaction. On the other hand, taking Li’s thoughts as a cut-in point, this paper summarizes the inherent rules of modern times’ history in China and I make my own thinking after researching into Li’s thoughts under the macrostructure of Chinese people’s modernity choice and the sinicized modernity choice. This paper’s first chapter is to clear up the age and thought background of Li Dazhao’s thoughts in order, which is based on nationality’s view to restructure the logic in Chinese modern society and thought history, and this chapter unscrambles internal tension and complete structure conflict from the inherent relation between age background and Li’s thoughts, which is the macro basis and logical jumping-off point to understand Li’s thoughts. From how the modernity strikes, permeates, baptizes, reconstructs and refines nationality, the second chapter analyzes how the subject ideas permeate Li Dazhao’s thoughts and unscrambles the philosophy groundwork in Li’s thoughts about Chinese modernity, also including Li’s sorts of thinking and instructions to modernity China. The chapter three demonstrates inevitability of Li’s thoughts turning into Marxism from the particular angle in Chinese nationality responding for modernity. The chapter four puts Li Dazhao in the history process purchasing the modernity China, evaluating and summarizing Li’s thoughts from standing in the integrated point of Chinese people’s modernity choice and the sinicized modernity choice. At the same time, from considering Li’s thoughts as a cut-in point, this chapter summarizes some revelations in how to fuse modernity and nationality best. Through this paper’s research, we can see that Li’s thoughts not only incarnate the modernity’s internal demand, but also incarnate the Chinese modern society’s developing direction, and stand for the height of modern China understanding modern civilization. Seeing from the visual threshold of modernity, Li Dazhao vocatives for respecting human right, struggles for liberating spirit and pursued democracy, equality and freedom etc. modern spirits in all his life, and he is a real sturdy democrat. After taking in Marxism, Li Dazhao can understand the Marxism and socialism from modernity threshold, affirms the inherent relation between Marxism, socialism and democratism and considers Marxism as the inheritor and superior to democratism, which all conforms to inherent thought history logic. Seeing from the visual threshold of nationality, Li Dazhao states ‘Min Yi’ theory in early times which probes into Chinese modernity and inevitability problems; in the upper times, Li has brought forward the proposition about the combination of Marxism and Chinese practice condition, which steps into the positive research on sinicized Marxism. The Li Dazhao’s entire endeavor promotes the modern Chinese society’s development and it has important theory and practice sense not only to Chinese modernity process but also to the sinicized Marxism, which is worth to our careful sum-up and research.