近年来，身体姿态问题在大学生群体中较为多发，其中颈部前倾姿态较为凸显，长时间的低头使用电脑、手机、久坐等不良体态，造成颈椎生理曲度发生改变，中共中央在 2016 年 10 月 25 日颁布印发的《健康中国 2030”规划纲要》中指出：“健康是促进人的全面发展的必然要求，把健康摆在优先发展的战略地位，有利于形成健康的生活方式。加强体医融合和非医疗健康干预，建立完善针对不同人群、不同环境、不同身体状况的运动处方库，发挥科学健身在健康促进、慢性病预防和康复等方面的积极作用。”因此研究和探讨运动干预对大学生颈部前倾的影响是很有必要的。

本研究运用文献法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、实验法数理统计法等方法，对在校大学生颈部状态进行调查，了解大学生在不同场景下的颈部姿态以及疼痛强度，并研究运动干预对大学生颈部前倾所产生的影响。文章主要分为问卷调查和运动干预实验两部分。问卷调查部分，共向 6 所高校发放问卷 512 份，回收率为 100%，有效率为 98.2%。问卷调查包括了学生对于正确身体姿态的认知、颈部前倾的认知，学生在不同场景下颈、肩部的酸痛程度等方面的内容。实验部分为实验组（15 人）和对照组（15 人），实验组为具有颈部前倾症状并接受 10 周运动干预的，对照组为具有颈部前倾症状但不进行任何干预的组。研究结果表明：

一、认知方面，大学生对于颈部前倾的概念认知不够明确，对于颈部前倾的病因、危害了解不充分。大学生群体中，颈部前倾、驼背、含胸不良体态最为突出。大多数大学生对自身颈肩姿态并不满意。

二、成因方面，大学生在不同场景下不正确的颈部行为动作模式导致颈部前倾。且大多数学生在使用电脑、手机、阅读书籍、持笔写字时颈部存在颈部前倾、低头、驼背现象。其中本科生、硕士生的比例高于博士生。

三、颈部疼痛方面，颈部姿态与肩颈疼痛的关联度较高，颈部前倾直接导致颈肩疼痛度提高。大学生在电脑场景、手机场景、负重步行场景、教室上课场景下颈肩疼痛程度明显高于其它场景。超过半数大学生颈部进行矢状面、冠状面、横断面运动时伴有酸痛感。

四、体育运动方面，大学生参与体育运动的次数和时间较少。体育课程方面，大学体育课程中涉及到颈部姿势矫正的内容较少。大学生在校期间改善颈部前倾（不良体态）的途径较少。

五、实验组通过 10 周的运动干预，实验组成员颈部前倾姿态得到改善，NDI 指数降低，颈部功能得到提升，VAS 指数得到降低，颈部在进行前屈、后伸等 6 个动作是的疼痛度降低。对照组未进行运动干预，对照组成员颈部前倾姿态、NDI指数、VAS指数未发生显著性变化。针对颈部姿态的运动干预方案，可以改善颈部前倾姿态，降低颈部在不同动作下的疼痛度，提高颈部在日常生活、学习等不同场景下的功能状态。

In recent years, body posture problems are more common among college students, among which the forward leaning posture of the neck is more prominent, and the long-term use of computers, mobile phones, sedentary and other bad posture has changed the physiological curvature of the cervical spine. The CPC Central Committee pointed out in the outline of healthy China 2030 plan issued on October 25, 2016: "Health is the inevitable requirement of promoting people's all-round development. Putting health in the strategic position of giving priority to development is conducive to the formation of a healthy lifestyle. Strengthen the integration of sports and medicine and non-medical health intervention, establish and improve the exercise prescription database for different people, different environments and different physical conditions, and give full play to the positive role of scientific fitness in health promotion, chronic disease prevention and rehabilitation Therefore, it is necessary to study and explore the effect of sports intervention on College Students' neck forward tilt.
This study uses the methods of literature, expert interview, questionnaire, experiment and mathematical statistics to investigate the neck state of college students, understand the neck posture and pain intensity of college students in different scenes, and study the impact of sports intervention on College Students' neck forward tilt. The article is mainly divided into two parts: questionnaire survey and exercise intervention experiment. In the part of questionnaire survey, 512 questionnaires were distributed to 5 universities, the recovery rate was 100%, and the effective rate was 98.2%. The questionnaire survey includes students' cognition of correct body posture, neck forward tilt, and the degree of neck and shoulder pain in different scenes. The experimental part is the experimental group (15 people) and the control group (15 people). The experimental group is the group with cervical anteversion symptoms and received 10 weeks of exercise intervention, and the control group is the group with cervical anteversion symptoms but without any intervention. The results show that:
1. In terms of cognition, college students' cognition of the concept of neck forward tilt is not clear enough, and they do not fully understand the etiology and harm of neck forward tilt. Among the college students, the bad posture of neck leaning forward, hunchback and chest is the most prominent. Most college students are not satisfied with their neck and shoulder posture.
2. In terms of causes, college students' incorrect neck behavior patterns in different scenes lead to neck forward tilt. And most students have the phenomenon of neck leaning forward, head lowering and hunchback when using computers, mobile phones, reading books and writing with a pen. The proportion of undergraduate and master students is higher than that of doctoral students.
3. In terms of neck pain, the correlation between neck posture and shoulder and neck pain is high. Neck forward tilt directly leads to the improvement of neck and shoulder pain. The degree of neck and shoulder pain of college students in computer scene, mobile phone scene, weight-bearing walking scene and classroom class scene was significantly higher than that in other scenes. More than half of college students have pain in sagittal, coronal and cross-sectional movement of their neck.
4. In terms of sports, college students have less times and time to participate in sports. In terms of physical education curriculum, there are few contents related to neck posture correction in college physical education  curriculum. There are few ways for college students to improve neck forward tilt (bad posture) during school.
5. After 10 weeks of exercise intervention in the experimental group, the neck forward leaning posture of the members in the experimental group was improved, the NDI index was reduced, the neck function was improved, the vas index was reduced, and the pain of the neck was reduced in six movements such as forward flexion and backward extension. There was no exercise intervention in the control group, and there was no significant change in neck forward tilt posture, NDI index and vas index in the control group. The movement intervention scheme for neck posture can improve the forward leaning posture of the neck, reduce the pain of the neck under different movements, and improve the functional state of the neck in different scenes such as daily life and learning.