灾后应急物资供应及时性与准确性为保障居民安全、减少财产损失奠定基础。应急物资保障建立在应急物资供应链的完善基础上，但现有的应急物资供应链往往存在需求不明确、配送不及时、遇到突发状况难以继续运作等问题。因此需要研究如何利用实时信息构建供应链，并考虑如何提升应急物资供应链抵抗外部打击能力。

基于此，本文通过案例分析应急供应链现状，梳理灾后政府采取响应措施及应急物资相关企业产能变化等因素，总结应急物资供应问题的原因。基于公共平台信息快速获取人口分布、供应分布及物资人均需求等信息，提出快速建立应急供应链多级网络的方法。构建了应急物资供应链韧性评估方法，并通过对各组件受损单位时间的物资损失量以及运输

成本变化得出其对应急物资供应的重要程度。本文研究内容如下：

（1）针对 2020 年初新冠疫情，对比分析突发事件前后口罩生产供应链动态调整和响应变化状况以及医疗物资供给配置过程中医护人员防护物资的需求供给状况。得出了我国应急供应链的构建存在需求信息不明确、中转中心配置不足的问题。

（2）为使得应急供应链更有效运行，提出利用公共开放平台信息进行供应网络构建的方法。将系统韧性方法结合所建立供应网络，确立应急物资供应链网络的韧性评估方法，对应急物资供应链包含组件——节点及边——进行应对外界抵抗能力的评估，最后综合所有组件情况，得出应急物资供应链网络的韧性。

（3）将韧性评估方法应用于案例分析。在云南漾濞、上海市徐汇区新冠疫情应急应对中，本文以物资需求估计、物资储备分布点确定、物资运输路线规划等为切入点，展示了应急供应链网络的建立及其对应急应对的作用。同时对上海市徐汇区供应链进行应急网络韧性的评估，计算物资网络中的供应点、中转点的应对能力，最终得出网络韧性为 97.1%，启用中转备用点能够较大程度地提高网络韧性，验证了该指标体系的可行性和有效性。

综上所述，本文的创新点在于采用对公共开放平台的数据挖掘技术和算法建立应急物资供应网络，同时规范了应急供应链网络韧性的评估相应的模型。不仅可以提高应急物资供应的效率和准确性，同时也可以为应对突发事件提供更加科学和可靠的决策依据。

The timeliness and accuracy of post-disaster emergency supplies supply lays the foundation for safeguarding residents' safety and reducing property losses. Emergency material security is based on the improvement of emergency material supply chain, but the existing emergency material supply chain often has problems such as unclear demand, untimely distribution, and difficulty in continuing operation when encountering unexpected conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to study how to use real-time information to build a supply chain and consider how to improve the resistance of emergency supplies supply chain to external strikes.

Based on this, this paper analyzes the current situation of emergency supply chain through case studies, sorts out factors such as response measures taken by the government and capacity changes of emergency material-related enterprises after the disaster, and summarizes the causes of emergency material supply problems. Based on the public platform information to quickly obtain information on population distribution, supply distribution and per capita demand for supplies, the paper proposes a method to quickly establish a multi-level network of emergency supply chain. A method is constructed to assess the resilience of the emergency supplies supply chain, and the importance of each component to the emergency supplies supply is derived from the amount of material loss per unit time of damage and the change of transportation cost. The research of this paper is as follows:

(1) In response to the COVID-19 in early 2020, governments at all levels took measures, compared and analyzed the dynamic adjustment and response change status of the mask production supply chain before and after the outbreak, and the demand supply status of protective materials for medical personnel in the medical supplies supply configuration process. After the outbreak of the epidemic, a large number of enterprises under the guidance of the government have resumed and expanded their production or even switched to production, with a rapid increase in production capacity, but there was a delay in supply. The comprehensive analysis is that the demand information is not clear and the configuration of the transit center is insufficient, which leads to the unreasonable construction of the supply chain of emergency supplies.

(2) In order to make the emergency supply chain run more effectively, the method of using public open platform information for supply network construction is proposed. The system resilience method is combined with the established supply network to establish the resilience assessment method of the emergency supply chain network, and the components - nodes and edges - of the emergency supply chain are evaluated for their ability to cope with external resistance. Finally, the resilience of the emergency supply chain network is obtained by combining all components.

(3) The resilience assessment method is applied to case studies. In the emergency response of Yangbi, Yunnan Province and Xuhui District, Shanghai, the paper shows the establishment of emergency supply chain network and its effect on emergency response by taking the estimation of material demand, determination of distribution points of material reserve and planning of material transportation routes as the entry point. At the same time, the emergency network resilience of the supply chain in Xuhui District, Shanghai is evaluated, and the response capacity of supply points and transit points in the material network is calculated, and the final result is that the network resilience is 97.1%, and the activation of transit backup points can improve the network resilience to a greater extent, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the index system.

In summary, the innovation of this paper lies in the use of data mining techniques and algorithms on public open platforms to establish emergency material supply networks, and at the same time standardize the corresponding model for the assessment of emergency supply chain network toughness. It can not only improve the efficiency and accuracy of emergency supplies supply, but also provide a more scientific and reliable decision basis for responding to emergencies.