出马仙作为东北地区保家仙信仰的神职人员，扮演着沟通人与神鬼之间交流的媒介角色，同时也是理解和研究保家仙信仰的特定载体。尽管学界在民间信仰研究方面取得了丰富成果，但对东北地区保家仙信仰文化的研究相对较为欠缺，尤其是对其神职人员出马仙的研究更为薄弱。

本文从民俗学角度出发，基于民间信仰理论和身份建构理论，选取吉林省通化市为中心，专注于出马仙的身份形成过程及其实践仪式。通过深度参与和观察仪式，纵向比较实践仪式前后的变化，以及与关键人物的深入对话，旨在探讨保家仙信仰延续以及出马仙作为一种职业得以存续的原因，并深入挖掘其可能带来的负面影响，例如出马仙市场鱼龙混杂的行业现状以及过度迷信给信众日常生活带来的负担。

Shamans, known as "chumashen," serve as the religious practitioners of guardian spirit beliefs in the Northeast China region, acting as mediators between humans and spirits, while also embodying a specific conduit for understanding and researching these beliefs. Despite the rich scholarly achievements in the field of folk belief studies, research on the guardian spirit beliefs in Northeast China, particularly concerning the shamanic figures such as "chumashen," remains relatively scarce.

This paper, drawing on the perspectives of folklore studies and informed by theories of folk belief and identity construction, selects Tonghua City in Jilin Province as the field research center, focusing on the process of shamanic identity formation and their ritual practices. Through deep participation and observation of rituals, longitudinal comparisons of changes before and after ritual practices, as well as in-depth dialogues with key figures, this study aims to explore the continuity of guardian spirit beliefs, the reasons for the persistence of shamans as a profession, and to delve into potential negative impacts, such as the chaotic state of the shaman market and the burdens of excessive superstition on the daily lives of believers.