制造业是国家发展的基础，世界强国无一不是以制造业作为发展和富强的根基。“十四五规划”纲要首次提出保持制造业比重基本稳定，深入实施制造强国战略。中国在过去13年里一直保持全球第一制造业大国地位，但还不是真正的制造强国。最大的挑战来源在于制造业本身的可持续发展方面，制造业人才进入不足成为突出的问题。

基于此背景，本文以小见大，把劳动力市场的这个重大问题进一步往前延展，从源头上考察针对性更强的职业教育人才的就业选择问题。本文利用独有的全国中等职业教育数据，系统分析重点产业政策对学生就业选择的影响。本文主要研究结论是：（1）重点产业政策能够引导毕业生进入制造业行业，并且重点产业政策在高级别城市以及政策引导强度高的学校中对学生制造业就业的促进作用更明显。（2）重点产业政策使得政府提高了教育支出水平。从政府对学生干预的角度分析，重点产业政策能够显著提高政府教育支出水平，从而地方政府能自主地从资金、技术、人员等方面加强学生就业服务体系的建设，提高学生相应的综合职业能力，促进重点产业的就业。（3）重点产业政策能够促进支持企业劳动力需求增加，从而增加了对学生就业的吸引力。并且政府效率越高的地区，重点产业政策提高企业的劳动力需求越明显。

基于以上对重点产业政策对学生就业影响的分析，本文提出如下建议：（1）政府可以通过鼓励和支持制造业企业和学校、研究机构之间的产学研合作，促进人才的流动和技术的创新，进一步推动制造业的发展；（2）中等职业教育学校需要对学生传递产业政策信息，将帮助学生了解产业发展状况和就业前景作为职业指导的重要内容；（3）政府应该提高效率，在坚持市场机制的前提下对重点支持的企业提供配套的支持措施，鼓励企业投入研发，提高技术水平。

本文研究重点产业政策对学生就业选择的影响不仅有利于拓宽产业政策研究课题的广度，还能够统筹协调产业政策和人才政策，对劳动力市场的结构进行优化，推动制造业的高质量可持续发展和缓解制造业人才困境具有重要的理论和现实意义。

The manufacturing industry is the foundation of national development, and all powerful countries in the world take manufacturing industry as the foundation of development and prosperity. The outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for the first time proposed to keep the proportion of manufacturing basically stable and deepen the implementation of the strategy of becoming a manufacturing power. China has remained the world 's largest manufacturing power for the past 13 years, but it is not yet a real manufacturing power. The biggest source of challenges lies in the sustainable development of the manufacturing industry itself, and the insufficient entry of manufacturing talents has become a prominent problem.

Based on this background, this paper further extends the grand problem of the labor market, and examines the employment choice of more targeted vocational education talents from the source. This paper uses the unique national secondary vocational education data to systematically analyze the impact of key industrial policies on students' employment choices. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Key industrial policies can guide graduates to enter the manufacturing industry, and the promotion of key industrial policies on students' manufacturing employment is more obvious in high-level cities and schools with high intensity of policy guidance. (2) The key industrial policy makes the government increase the level of education expenditure. From the perspective of government intervention on students, the key industry policy can significantly improve the level of government education expenditure, so that local governments can independently strengthen the construction of student employment service system from the aspects of capital, technology and personnel, improve the corresponding comprehensive vocational ability of students, and promote the employment of key industries. (3) The key industrial policies can promote and support the increase of labor demand of enterprises, and the higher the government efficiency is, the key industrial policies can improve the labor demand of enterprises more.

Based on the above analysis of the impact of key industrial policies on students' employment, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: (1) The government can promote the flow of talents and technological innovation by encouraging and supporting the industry-university-research cooperation among manufacturing enterprises, schools and research institutions, so as to further promote the development of manufacturing industry; (2) Secondary vocational education schools need to convey industrial policy information to students, and help students understand the industrial development and employment prospects as an important part of career guidance. (3) The government should improve efficiency, provide supporting measures to key supported enterprises on the premise of adhering to the market mechanism, and encourage enterprises to invest in R&D and improve their technological level.

The study of the impact of key industrial policies on students' employment choices in this paper is not only conducive to broadening the scope of industrial policy research topics, but also has important theoretical and practical significance for coordinating industrial policies and talent policies, optimizing the structure of the labor market, promoting the high-quality and sustainable development of the manufacturing industry, alleviating the talent dilemma of the manufacturing industry and promoting the quality and efficiency of the industry.