中国现当代文学对国民性问题的关注，源于作家深厚的社会责任感和民族使命感，源于作家对国家和民族深沉的爱。从鲁迅到余华，一代代中国作家始终没有放弃对国民性的关注，执着于国民性问题的思考，把改造国民性作为自己的使命。一个世纪以来国民性弱点仍然存在，一个世纪以来中国作家对国民性弱点的关注值得思考和探寻。探寻从鲁迅到余华这100年间现当代作家对国民性弱点的执着关注，使我们看到了一代代作家关心文学、关注历史、关切社会、关怀民众的传承与发展。本论文的第一部分指出，对国民性弱点的思考是现当代作家一以贯之的主题。鲁迅堪为现代作家关注国民性问题的发起者，“立人”二字可谓鲁迅先生关注国民性的终极目标。他对农民、知识分子都给予了关注，同时不忘把妇女问题当做独立问题深刻思考。林语堂指出了当时中国社会方方面面的弊端和流毒，分析了中国国民性中的很多恶习。老舍作品中对国民劣根性的批判有目共睹，钱钟书在《围城》中对国民性格弱点的剖析俯拾即是。高晓声清醒、冷峻地深入剖析了中国农民灵魂深处长期因袭的历史负担，指出他们身上根深蒂固的国民劣根性。张炜的《古船》、陈忠实的《白鹿原》对国民性的很多问题都有非常深刻到位的体现。而余华直到2005年仍有表现对国民性问题思考的长篇小说《兄弟》出版，证明作家对这一问题的思考远远没有结束。本论文第二部分结合具体作品讨论了现当代作家相对集中表现的中国国民性问题。瞒和骗是国民性怯弱、懒惰、巧滑的证明，自欺欺人的“精神胜利法”、“以丑骄人”、只要面子不要脸、中庸的市侩哲学，其实质都是瞒和骗。冷漠和麻木是长期的封建专制与残酷压迫给国人留下的不能感觉到痛苦的大痛，健忘的实质是想用忘记来躲避和掩盖现实生活中的困难和屈辱。专制是造成国民劣根性的最深痼的病因，奴性的强化和延续无疑助长了专制的发展。大团圆模式其实也是换一种形式的瞒和骗，崇尚大团圆的国人却常常陷入窝里斗，这不能不说是一个令人无奈的循环。本论文第三部分依托具体作品分析了现当代作家批判国民性问题时所展现的艺术特征。塑造体现国民劣根性的典型人物，营造反映国民劣根性的典型环境，以及多角度、多侧面、多风格、多种艺术手法的运用，这些不拘一格的表现方式，体现了不同作家从自己的观察角度和写作风格上对国民性批判所做出的可贵努力。关注是为了改变，批判是为了重构，中国现当代作家自觉地以改造中华民族国民性为己任，以唤醒沉睡的国民为努力的方向。对国民劣根性关注的传承与发展，是一代代中国作家对文学和艺术的追寻，是中国现当代作家群体对社会和历史的良心。

The attention on national incorrigibility in the modern and contemporary Chinese literature originates from the profound sense of social responsibility and the national sense of mission, and from the writers’ deep love on their motherland and the people. From Lu Xun to Yu Hua, generation after generation of writers have devoted themselves to the thinking and solving of China’s national problems, taking the improvement of nation’s characters as their mission.For a century, national weakness still exists; for a century, Chinese writers have been concerned about the nation’s weakness. These writers’ concerns deserve our thinking and study, because such thinking and study enables us to see the inherited attention on the literature, the history, the nation and the people among generation of writers. From Lu Xun to Yu Hua, a century has passed. Within this century, Chinese writers have been consistently concerned about the nation’s weakness, but this has not included in any specified chapters in any textbooks about literature history, neither have many people done research on this topic.This paper first points out, Chinese modern Chinese writers and contemporary writer has been committed to the national issues of thought and expression.Lu Xun is paying close attention to national problem of initiator, His ultimate goal is to make the Chinese people have an independent dignity.He attached importance to the peasants and the intellectuals,at the same time a profound reflection on women's issues.Lin Yutang pointed out that the Chinese society in all aspects of the problem, analysed Chinese nationalism in many bad habits.The works of Lao She's novels and Qian have a lot of criticism of the weaknesses of the Chinese people.Gao Xiaosheng points out, the farmers who have deep-rooted national weakness.Zhang Wei's" ancient ship", Chen Zhongshi's" Bailuyuan" on the national character of the many problems have deep accurate embodiment. Until 2005, Yu Hua also published novels" brothers", a proof of the writer of this problem does not end on.The second part binding specific literature discusses contemporary writers to focus on the Chinese national problems.Concealment and deception proves humanity is cowardly, lazy and cunning. Numb is long-term feudal autocracy and brutal oppression leave the greatest pain, easy to forget is the essence of escape and hide misery and shame. Tyranny is caused by the national incorrigibility etiology, servility contributed to tyranny. Happy in real terms is also a deception, advocating a happy people, but often fight with one of us, this is an incredible cycle.The third part of the thesis based on the analysis of specific works by writers critical national issues exhibited art characteristics. Shaping the embodiment of the national incorrigibility typical character, create reflect the national incorrigibility typical environment, as well as the much angle, much flank, multiple styles, a variety of artistic styles, reflecting the different writers from their own perspective and writing style of national character criticism made valuable effort.Modern Chinese writers and contemporary writers to change China's national character as their goals. This is generation after generation of Chinese writers in the pursuit of literature and art, Chinese modern writers and contemporary writers on the social and historical conscience.